UPHESC Assistant Professor Commerce 17 Apr 2025 Shift 1 – Question Paper

Concept: Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore flew to the ISS on Boeing Starliner's first crewed test flight (June 2024).

1. Starliner developed thruster problems and returned to Earth empty; their 8-day mission stretched to about 9 months.
2. Both came back on SpaceX Crew-9 Dragon (with Nick Hague and Aleksandr Gorbunov), splashing down off Florida on 18–19 March 2025.
3. Victor Glover and Jeremy Hansen are Artemis II crew; John Glenn was the first American to orbit Earth (1962).

Short trick: Starliner duo = "Suni & Butch".

Concept: A tariff barrier is a tax/duty on traded goods; a non-tariff barrier restricts trade by rules, standards, quotas, licensing etc.

1. Import duties and countervailing duties are duties (taxes) – tariff measures.
2. Export subsidies are price-support measures, normally discussed separately from NTBs.
3. Product standards (technical, health, safety, labelling norms) restrict imports without any tax – a classic non-tariff barrier (TBT/SPS measures).

Short trick: Word 'duty' = tariff; 'standard, quota, licence' = non-tariff.