RRB NTPC Graduate CBT 1 2025 PYQs

Concept: The Regulating Act, 1773 was the first step taken by the British Parliament to control and regulate the affairs of the East India Company in India.

1. It made the Governor of Bengal the Governor-General of Bengal (Warren Hastings) with a council of four, and placed Bombay and Madras under Bengal's supervision.
2. It set up the Supreme Court at Calcutta (1774).
3. Pitt's India Act (1784) came later and created the Board of Control; the Act of 1858 transferred power to the Crown.

Yaad rakhein: 1773 = Regulating, 1784 = Pitt's, 1813, 1833, 1853 = Charter Acts, 1858 = Crown rule.

Answer: (C) Regulating Act, 1773

Concept: The 58th Inter-IIT Sports Meet (December 2025) was hosted by IIT Hyderabad.

1. Badminton star and Olympic medallist Saina Nehwal was the chief guest at its inauguration ceremony.
2. Prof. B. S. Murty is the Director of IIT Hyderabad (host), and BVR Mohan Reddy is Chairman of its Board – they are not the chief guest.

Yaad rakhein: Inter-IIT Sports Meet 2025 (58th) → IIT Hyderabad → Saina Nehwal.

Answer: (D) Saina Nehwal

Concept: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the pollutant most strongly linked to respiratory and cardiovascular disease.

1. PM2.5 particles (diameter ≤ 2.5 micrometres) penetrate deep into the lungs and even the bloodstream.
2. WHO's air-quality guideline for PM2.5 is only 5 µg/m³ (annual), and its 2025 reports again identified PM2.5 as the primary driver of air-pollution-related respiratory illness.
3. CO, SO₂ and O₃ are harmful but are not the leading cause.

Yaad rakhein: "Smaller the particle, deeper it goes" – PM2.5 is the deadliest pollutant.

Answer: (C) Particulate matter (PM2.5)

Concept: The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest railway line in the world (about 9,289 km), crossing Russia from west to east.

1. Its eastern terminus is Vladivostok on the Pacific coast (Sea of Japan).
2. Novosibirsk and Irkutsk are intermediate stations in Siberia; Moscow is at the western end, not the Pacific coast.

Yaad rakhein: Trans-Siberian: Moscow/St. Petersburg (west) → Vladivostok (east, Pacific).

Answer: (A) Vladivostok

Concept: Stand Up India was launched on 5 April 2016 by PM Narendra Modi to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST and women.

1. It gives bank loans of ₹10 lakh to ₹1 crore to at least one SC/ST and one woman borrower per bank branch for a greenfield enterprise.
2. Do not confuse with Start-up India (16 January 2016) or MUDRA (8 April 2015).

Yaad rakhein: Start-up India (Jan 2016) → Stand Up India (Apr 2016); both 2016.

Answer: (D) 2016

Concept: UMPPs are a 2005–06 Ministry of Power initiative for very large coal-based thermal plants of about 4,000 MW each.

1. Built by private developers through tariff-based competitive bidding (e.g. Mundra, Sasan) using supercritical technology.
2. Aim: add bulk capacity at low tariff; they have nothing to do with small solar or wind projects.

Yaad rakhein: UMPP = Ultra Mega = 4,000 MW coal plants.

Answer: (D) High-capacity coal-based power plants

Concept: Article 33 empowers Parliament to restrict or abrogate Fundamental Rights for members of the armed forces, para-military forces, police, intelligence agencies etc., to ensure discipline and proper discharge of duties.

1. Only Parliament (not State Legislatures) can make such a law, e.g. the Army Act, 1950.
2. Article 35 gives Parliament power to legislate on certain FR matters; Articles 42 and 45 are Directive Principles.

Yaad rakhein: Art. 33 – forces, Art. 34 – martial law, Art. 35 – legislation to give effect to FRs.

Answer: (D) Article 33

Concept: The Central Information Commission (CIC) was created by the RTI Act, 2005 itself – it is a statutory body, not a constitutional one.

1. The RTI Act covers all constitutional authorities including the President, Parliament, Supreme Court, and substantially government-financed NGOs.
2. Normal time limit: 30 days (48 hours when life or liberty is involved).
3. So statement A is the incorrect one.

Yaad rakhein: CIC, NHRC, CVC, Lokpal – all statutory; only bodies in the Constitution (EC, UPSC, CAG, Finance Commission…) are constitutional.

Answer: (A) The Central Information Commission is a constitutional body.

Concept: Article 42 (a Directive Principle) directs the State to make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.

1. Basis of the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 and the Factories Act provisions.
2. Article 41: right to work, education and public assistance; Article 44: Uniform Civil Code; Article 48: agriculture and animal husbandry.

Yaad rakhein: 41 – work/education/assistance, 42 – work conditions & maternity, 43 – living wage, 44 – UCC.

Answer: (C) Article 42

Concept: In November 2025 IIT Bombay unveiled an indigenously built Quantum Diamond Microscope (QDM), developed by its PQuest (P-Quest) group in collaboration with TCS.

1. The QDM uses nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond to image magnetic fields at the nanoscale, useful for testing semiconductor chips.
2. It is among the first such instruments built in India.

Yaad rakhein: IIT Bombay + TCS → PQuest group → Quantum Diamond Microscope (Nov 2025).

Answer: (B) P-Quest Group

Concept: DDU-GKY (launched 25 September 2014, Ministry of Rural Development) is a placement-linked skill-training programme for rural poor youth aged 15–35.

1. It is the skilling component of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) and guarantees placement to a large share of trainees.
2. Food, pensions and farm inputs are covered by other schemes (NFSA, NSAP, PM-KISAN etc.).

Yaad rakhein: "Kaushalya" = skill ⇒ DDU-GKY = rural youth skilling + wage employment.

Answer: (C) To skill rural youth and promote wage employment opportunities

Concept: The 100th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2015 gave effect to the India–Bangladesh Land Boundary Agreement (1974 and its 2011 Protocol).

1. It exchanged enclaves (111 Indian enclaves to Bangladesh, 51 Bangladeshi enclaves to India) and amended the First Schedule (territories of Assam, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Tripura).
2. 101st Amendment (2016) = GST; 97th = cooperative societies; 98th = Hyderabad–Karnataka region (Article 371J).

Yaad rakhein: 100th → Bangladesh boundary (2015), 101st → GST (2016).

Answer: (D) One Hundredth Amendment

Concept: Spreadsheet software (MS Excel, Google Sheets) organises data in cells of rows and columns and can compute with formulas and functions (SUM, AVERAGE, etc.).

1. Word processors (MS Word) are for text documents; they also format text and change fonts, so those features do not differentiate the two.
2. Creating slides is the job of presentation software (PowerPoint).

Yaad rakhein: Spreadsheet = cells + formulas + charts; Word processor = text + formatting.

Answer: (B) Calculation using formulas

Concept: The Taskbar is the bar (usually at the bottom of the screen) holding the Start button, pinned/open apps, and the system tray with clock, volume, network and other settings.

1. Disk Cleanup is a utility to free disk space; Recycle Bin stores deleted files; wallpaper is only the desktop background.

Yaad rakhein: Quick access to apps + system tray = Taskbar.

Answer: (A) Taskbar

Concept: Photosynthesis has two phases: the light-dependent reactions (make ATP and NADPH, release O₂) and the light-independent Calvin–Benson cycle, which fixes CO₂ into sugar.

1. In the Calvin cycle (stroma of chloroplast) the enzyme RuBisCO attaches CO₂ to RuBP, eventually forming glucose.
2. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle belong to respiration, not photosynthesis.

Yaad rakhein: Light reaction = energy (ATP/NADPH); Dark reaction (Calvin cycle) = carbon fixation.

Answer: (A) Calvin-Benson cycle

Concept: The Indian Constitution is divided into Parts; each Part covers one subject area.

1. Part XVII (Articles 343–351) deals with the Official Language of the Union, regional languages, the language of courts and special directives.
2. Part XV covers Elections, Part XVI special provisions for certain classes, Part XX amendment of the Constitution.

Yaad rakhein: Article 343 – Hindi in Devanagari script is the official language of the Union; it sits in Part XVII.

Answer: (C) Part XVII

Concept: Under PMFBY (launched 2016) farmers pay a small fixed premium; the balance is shared by the Centre and the State.

1. Kharif food and oilseed crops: 2% of sum insured; Rabi crops: 1.5%.
2. Annual commercial and horticultural crops: 5% of sum insured.

Yaad rakhein: 2 – 1.5 – 5 → Kharif – Rabi – Commercial/Horticulture.

Answer: (A) 5% of the sum insured

Concept: The National Indicator Framework (NIF) is India's official set of indicators for tracking the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

1. The SDG–NIF Progress Report 2025, released by MoSPI (NSO), presents data on these indicators to monitor national-level progress on the SDGs.
2. It is a monitoring document; it neither allocates funds nor ranks India against other countries (that is done by the UN SDG Index).

Yaad rakhein: NIF = National Indicator Framework → made by MoSPI to monitor SDG progress, released around Statistics Day (29 June).

Answer: (A) To monitor national-level progress of the 17 SDGs

Concept: The five rivers of Punjab are tributaries of the Indus.

1. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Beas join the Satluj; the combined stream, called the Panjnad, meets the Indus near Mithankot (Pakistan).
2. Ganga, Brahmaputra and Godavari belong to entirely different drainage systems.

Yaad rakhein: Panj-nad = five rivers → joins the Indus at Mithankot.

Answer: (B) Indus

Concept: UNCTAD holds its quadrennial ministerial conference to set its mandate for the next four years.

1. UNCTAD16 was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 20–23 October 2025.
2. Its theme was "Shaping the future: Driving economic transformation for equitable, inclusive and sustainable development".

Yaad rakhein: UNCTAD15 (2021) – Barbados (virtual), UNCTAD16 (2025) – Geneva, HQ city of UNCTAD.

Answer: (D) Shaping the future: Driving economic transformation for equitable, inclusive and sustainable development