RRB NTPC Graduate CBT 1 2025 PYQs

Concept: COP30 (Belém, Brazil, November 2025) saw the launch of a UNEP-backed report on methane.

1. The Global Methane Status Report 2025, prepared by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) with UNEP, was released at COP30.
2. It warned that methane concentrations are rising faster than ever and that cutting methane is the quickest way to slow near-term warming.
3. The other names are not real reports.

Yaad rakhein: Methane report → Global Methane Pledge, CCAC + UNEP, COP30 Belém 2025.

Answer: (B) Global Methane Status Report 2025

Concept: In a neutralisation reaction an acid and a base react to form a salt and water.

1. Base + Acid → Salt + Water, e.g. $\text{NaOH}+\text{HCl}\to \text{NaCl}+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}$.
2. Carbon dioxide is formed when an acid reacts with a carbonate, not with a base in general; a metal is never a product here.

Yaad rakhein: Acid + Base = Salt + Water (heat released: exothermic).

Answer: (A) Salt + Water

Concept: The Supreme Court has repeatedly protected the Eco-Sensitive Zones around protected areas.

1. On 13 November 2025 the Supreme Court directed that no mining be allowed within one kilometre of the boundary of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries, and that no new mining leases be granted there.
2. This continued the line of its 2022–23 Eco-Sensitive Zone orders (T.N. Godavarman case).

Yaad rakhein: Protected area + mining → 1 km no-go zone (Supreme Court).

Answer: (B) Banned mining activities within one km

Concept: The 68th Grammy Awards were held on 1 February 2026 at the Crypto.com Arena, Los Angeles.

1. British singer-songwriter Olivia Dean won Best New Artist.
2. Leon Thomas, Addison Rae and Lola Young were among the other nominees in the same category.

Yaad rakhein: 68th Grammys (2026) – Best New Artist: Olivia Dean (UK).

Answer: (D) Olivia Dean

Concept: The Citizenship Act, 1955 lays down how citizenship is acquired and lost.

1. Section 10 deals with deprivation of citizenship by the Central Government – e.g. for disloyalty to the Constitution, trading with the enemy during war, or fraud in obtaining citizenship.
2. Section 6A concerns Assam Accord citizenship; Articles 5 and 11 of the Constitution deal with citizenship at commencement and Parliament's power to legislate.

Yaad rakhein: Termination = Sec 9, Renunciation = Sec 8, Deprivation = Sec 10.

Answer: (B) Section 10 of the Citizenship Act, 1955

Concept: Articles 5–11 (Part II) deal with citizenship; Article 5 defines citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.

1. Article 5: a person domiciled in India was a citizen if (a) born in India, or (b) either parent was born in India, or (c) ordinarily resident in India for 5 years before commencement.
2. Article 6 – migrants from Pakistan; Article 8 – persons of Indian origin abroad; Article 9 – loss on voluntarily acquiring foreign citizenship.

Yaad rakhein: Art 5 = domicile + (birth / parent / 5-year residence).

Answer: (D) Article 5

Concept: The Tax Reforms Committee (1991) was chaired by Raja J. Chelliah as part of the post-1991 reforms.

1. It recommended lowering and simplifying income-tax and customs rates, broadening the base, and abolishing wealth tax on productive assets (restricting it to unproductive assets like idle land, jewellery).
2. Estate duty had already been abolished in 1985 and gift tax was abolished later (1998), so those are not the 1991 recommendation.

Yaad rakhein: Chelliah Committee (1991) → direct & indirect tax reform, wealth tax on productive assets abolished.

Answer: (B) abolition of wealth tax

Concept: Basic characteristics of a computer: speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, storage, automation.

1. Diligence means a computer can perform the same task repeatedly for hours without tiredness, boredom or loss of concentration.
2. Versatility = ability to do different kinds of tasks; Speed = fast processing; computers have no real intelligence of their own.

Yaad rakhein: "Never tired, never bored" = Diligence.

Answer: (A) Diligence

Concept: Amir Khusrau (1253–1325), poet-scholar of the Delhi Sultanate, wrote about India's languages in Nuh Sipihr.

1. He listed the regional languages of Hindustan and then said of Sanskrit that it is a language of great antiquity but "the common people do not know it, only the Brahmanas do".
2. Urdu as a name did not exist then; "Palli"/"Hindu" are not languages in this context.

Yaad rakhein: Khusrau – Nuh Sipihr – praise of Indian languages; Sanskrit = Brahmanas' language.

Answer: (B) Sanskrit

Concept: Farming systems are classified by how intensively land is used.

1. Intensive farming: small land, high inputs (labour, capital, fertiliser) → high output per unit of land.
2. Extensive farming: large land, low inputs per hectare → low output per unit of land but high output per worker.
3. So the key difference is production per unit of land; irrigation, seed size or machinery type are not the defining criteria.

Yaad rakhein: Intensive = more from less land (Japan, Punjab); Extensive = less from more land (Canadian prairies).

Answer: (D) Production per land unit

Concept: World Environment Day (5 June) 2025 was hosted by the Republic of Korea with the global theme "Ending Plastic Pollution".

1. On this day the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change launched the nationwide campaign "One Nation, One Mission: End Plastic Pollution" under Mission LiFE.
2. A blanket ban on all single-use plastics or closure of coal plants was not announced.

Yaad rakhein: WED 2025 → host Korea, theme plastic pollution, India's campaign "One Nation, One Mission".

Answer: (D) Launch of "One Nation, One Mission: End Plastic Pollution"

Concept: Earth's magnetic field is produced by the geodynamo – motion of molten, electrically conducting iron.

1. The outer core is liquid iron-nickel; its convection currents, twisted by Earth's rotation, generate electric currents and hence the magnetic field.
2. The inner core is solid, and the mantle and crust are poor conductors, so they cannot sustain a dynamo.

Yaad rakhein: Liquid outer core = dynamo = magnetic field.

Answer: (B) Outer core

Concept: E-Lok Adalats are virtual Lok Adalats using video-conferencing, conceived during the COVID-19 lockdown.

1. India's first E-Lok Adalat was held in 2020 – Chhattisgarh State Legal Services Authority organised it on 11 July 2020, and NALSA's first national E-Lok Adalat followed in 2021.
2. Lok Adalats themselves get statutory status from the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.

Yaad rakhein: E-Lok Adalat = lockdown year 2020 (Chhattisgarh first).

Answer: (B) 2020

Concept: Each state has a characteristic folk-song form.

1. The folk songs of Haryana are called Raganis (Ragni), sung in the saang/swang tradition with the nagara; Pandit Lakhmi Chand is its most celebrated exponent.
2. Baul – Bengal; Bihu – Assam; Bhand (Bhand Pather) – folk theatre of Kashmir.

Yaad rakhein: Haryana → Ragni & Saang; Bengal → Baul; Assam → Bihu.

Answer: (A) Raganis

Concept: Rakhigarhi (Hisar, Haryana) is the largest Harappan site in India.

1. In 2013 Prof. Vasant Shinde (Deccan College, Pune) began excavations at Rakhigarhi with Haryana archaeology department; the project later yielded the famous ancient-DNA study (2019, with Niraj Rai).
2. Amrendra Nath (ASI) excavated Rakhigarhi earlier in 1997–2000; R.S. Bisht is linked with Dholavira and B.B. Lal with Kalibangan.

Yaad rakhein: Rakhigarhi 2013 + DNA → Vasant Shinde; Dholavira → Bisht; Kalibangan → B.B. Lal.

Answer: (C) Vasant Shinde

Concept: World Polio Day is observed on 24 October every year (birth anniversary of Jonas Salk).

1. The theme for World Polio Day 2025 was "End Polio: Every Child, Every Vaccine, Everywhere", stressing universal vaccine coverage.
2. The other options are generic phrases, not the announced theme.

Yaad rakhein: 24 Oct = World Polio Day; 2025 theme has three "Every"s.

Answer: (B) End Polio: Every Child, Every Vaccine, Everywhere

Concept: Vascular tissues conduct materials in plants: xylem and phloem.

1. Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals upward from roots to leaves (one-way, by transpiration pull).
2. Phloem transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts; epidermis is protective; cortex is ground tissue.

Yaad rakhein: Xylem = water up; Phloem = food both ways.

Answer: (C) Xylem

Concept: The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to urban local bodies (municipalities).

1. It added Part IX-A (Articles 243-P to 243-ZG) – statements 1 and 4 correct.
2. It added the 12th Schedule (18 functional items), not the 10th Schedule (which is the anti-defection law, 1985) – statement 2 wrong.
3. It provides three types of municipalities: Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council, Municipal Corporation – statement 3 correct.

Yaad rakhein: 73rd → Part IX, 11th Schedule, Panchayats; 74th → Part IX-A, 12th Schedule, Municipalities.

Answer: (A) 1, 3, and 4 only

Concept: The Chalukyas of Badami were the great southern rivals of Harshavardhana of Kanauj.

1. Pulakesin II (c. 610–642 CE) defeated Harsha on the banks of the Narmada (c. 618–619 CE), stopping his southward expansion; the Aihole inscription of Ravikirti records this victory.
2. Kirttivarman I and Mangalesha were his predecessors; Vikramaditya I was his son.

Yaad rakhein: Harsha vs Pulakesin II – Narmada – Aihole inscription – title "Dakshinapatheshwara".

Answer: (D) Pulakesin II

Concept: Portfolio allocation in the third Modi government (from June 2024).

1. Piyush Goyal is the Union Minister of Commerce and Industry (continuing from the previous term); as of May 2025 he was leading India's trade talks with the US, UK and EU.
2. Skill Development – Jayant Chaudhary (MoS, independent charge); Corporate Affairs – Nirmala Sitharaman; Labour – Mansukh Mandaviya.

Yaad rakhein: Goyal → Commerce & Industry; Mandaviya → Labour + Sports.

Answer: (B) Ministry of Commerce and Industry