RRB NTPC Graduate CBT 2 2024 PYQs

Concept: Bovines are cattle-family animals (cattle, bison, buffalo, yak).

1. The Gaur (Indian bison, Bos gaurus) is the largest existing bovine – adult males can exceed 1,000 kg and stand about 2 m at the shoulder.
2. Wild water buffalo and yak are large but smaller than the gaur; the nilgai is an antelope, not the biggest bovine.

Yaad rakhein: Gaur = 'Indian Bison' = biggest wild cattle; State animal of Goa.

Answer: (A) Gaur

Concept: IGNOU (est. 1985, New Delhi) is the world's largest open university.

1. In July 2025, Prof. Uma Kanjilal became the first woman Vice Chancellor of IGNOU.
2. She had earlier served as Pro-Vice Chancellor and acting VC there.
3. Dr. Najma Akhtar was the first woman VC of Jamia Millia Islamia, not IGNOU.

Yaad rakhein: IGNOU's first woman VC = Uma Kanjilal (U for University).

Answer: (D) Prof. Uma Kanjilal

Concept: India's installed and generated power is dominated by coal-based thermal plants.

1. As per the Ministry of Power (May 2023), thermal power (mainly coal, plus gas, lignite, diesel) formed the largest share – about 56–57% of installed capacity and over 70% of generation.
2. Solar, hydro and nuclear are growing but each is far smaller.

Yaad rakhein: India = coal country → Thermal is No. 1; NTPC itself started as a thermal power company.

Answer: (C) Thermal

Concept: Climate classification groups regions by temperature and precipitation.

1. Wladimir Köppen's scheme (A–E groups: tropical, dry, temperate, continental, polar) is the most widely used system in the world.
2. Trewartha and Thornthwaite are modifications/alternatives used less often.

Yaad rakhein: Köppen codes like Aw, BWh, Cwg are used for India in NCERT – shows how standard it is.

Answer: (D) Koppen Classification

Concept: China's flagship global connectivity project was announced by Xi Jinping in 2013.

1. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI, earlier 'One Belt One Road') has a land 'Silk Road Economic Belt' and a sea '21st Century Maritime Silk Road'.
2. India opposes it because the CPEC part passes through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.

Yaad rakhein: 2013 + Xi Jinping + Kazakhstan/Indonesia speeches = BRI.

Answer: (D) Belt and Road Initiative

Concept: Work $W=Fs\cos \theta$, where $\theta$ is the angle between force and displacement.

1. Gravity acts vertically downward; the displacement is horizontal, so $\theta ={90}^{\circ }$.
2. $\cos {90}^{\circ }=0\Rightarrow W=0\text{J}$ (mass does not matter).

Yaad rakhein: Force ⟂ displacement ⇒ zero work (like a coolie walking on a level platform).

Answer: (B) $0\text{J}$

Concept: An object at height has gravitational potential energy $PE=mgh$.

1. $m=8\text{kg}$, $g=10{\text{m/s}}^2$, $h=7\text{m}$.
2. $PE=8\times 10\times 7=560\text{J}$.

Trick: $mgh$ → just multiply the three numbers; 56 (option C) forgets $g$.

Answer: (D) $560\text{J}$

Concept: Part II (Articles 5–11) of the Constitution deals with citizenship.

1. Article 8: rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India (registration by Indian diplomatic missions).
2. Art 5 – citizenship at commencement; Art 11 – Parliament to regulate citizenship by law; Art 13 – laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights (Part III).

Yaad rakhein: 5 commencement, 6 from Pakistan, 7 migrants to Pakistan, 8 Indians abroad, 9 voluntary foreign citizenship, 10 continuance, 11 Parliament.

Answer: (C) Article 8

Concept: The IPCC assesses the science of climate change for governments.

1. It was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); HQ Geneva.
2. UNFCCC came later (1992, Rio) and uses IPCC reports; it did not create the IPCC.
3. IPCC shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with Al Gore.

Yaad rakhein: IPCC = 'W + U' → WMO + UNEP, 1988.

Answer: (B) WMO and UNEP

Concept: Subsidiary Alliance: an Indian ruler kept a British army in his state, paid for it (often by ceding territory) and accepted a British Resident.

1. Lord Wellesley (Governor-General 1798–1805) introduced it in 1798.
2. Hyderabad (1798) was the first to accept; Mysore, Awadh, Tanjore and others followed.
3. Dalhousie is linked with the Doctrine of Lapse, not this system.

Yaad rakhein: Wellesley – War-free conquest through Subsidiary Alliance; Dalhousie – Doctrine of Lapse.

Answer: (A) Lord Wellesley

Concept: Cyprus's first President was Archbishop Makarios III.

1. On 16 June 2025 in Nicosia, President Nikos Christodoulides conferred the Grand Cross of the Order of Makarios III on PM Narendra Modi.
2. It was PM Modi's first visit to Cyprus and the first by an Indian PM in over two decades.

Yaad rakhein: First President = Makarios III; award = Grand Cross.

Answer: (C) Grand Cross of the Order of Makarios III

Concept: Lens formula $\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{f}$ and magnification $m=\frac{v}{u}$ (sign convention).

1. Concave lens: $f=-20\text{cm}$; virtual image on object side: $v=-10\text{cm}$.
2. $\frac{1}{u}=\frac{1}{v}-\frac{1}{f}=-\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{20}=-\frac{1}{20}\Rightarrow u=-20\text{cm}$.
3. $m=\frac{v}{u}=\frac{-10}{-20}=0.5$ (erect, diminished).

Trick: Object at F of a concave lens → image midway between lens and F, half size.

Answer: (C) Magnification $=0.5$

Concept: SGSY was a self-employment programme for rural poor.

1. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana was launched on 1 April 1999, merging IRDP, TRYSEM, DWCRA and others; it promoted Self-Help Groups.
2. In 2011 it was restructured into the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM – Aajeevika).

Yaad rakhein: Swarozgar = self-employment → SGSY → NRLM (2011).

Answer: (D) Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana

Concept: DPSPs are grouped as Socialistic, Gandhian and Liberal-intellectual.

1. Article 40 – organisation of village panchayats – is a Gandhian principle (gram swaraj).
2. Equal pay (Art 39d) and adequate livelihood (Art 39a) are socialistic; international peace (Art 51) is liberal-intellectual.

Yaad rakhein: Gandhian DPSPs: 40 (panchayats), 43 (cottage industries), 43B (cooperatives), 46 (weaker sections), 47 (prohibition), 48 (cow slaughter ban).

Answer: (A) To organise village panchayat

Concept: Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide.

1. ${\text{CaCO}}_3+2\text{HCl}\to {\text{CaCl}}_2+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}+{\text{CO}}_2\uparrow$.
2. The escaping ${\text{CO}}_2$ bubbles appear as brisk effervescence – direct proof of a gas.
3. ${\text{CO}}_2$ is odourless (no pungent smell); white ppt forms only when the gas is passed through lime water.

Trick: Carbonate + acid = fizz (${\text{CO}}_2$); confirm by milkiness of lime water.

Answer: (C) Effervescence is seen

Concept: High energy needs (warm-blooded animals) require fully separated oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

1. Birds and mammals have a four-chambered heart (2 atria + 2 ventricles) – double circulation without mixing.
2. Fishes have 2 chambers; amphibians and most reptiles 3 (crocodile is an exception with 4).

Yaad rakhein: Fish 2, Frog 3, Bird/Man 4 (and crocodile 4).

Answer: (D) a four-chambered heart

Concept: ASCII is a 7-bit code with 128 characters (0–127).

1. Unicode deliberately kept its first 128 code points (U+0000 to U+007F) identical to ASCII; in UTF-8 these are even stored as the same single bytes.
2. So any ASCII text is valid Unicode – backward compatibility.
3. ASCII was never expanded to all Unicode symbols, and Unicode still includes ASCII control characters.

Yaad rakhein: ASCII ⊂ Unicode: first 128 code points are the same.

Answer: (D) Unicode’s first 128 code points match the ASCII values exactly.

Concept: Hawa Mahal – the 'Palace of Winds' – is a five-storey pink sandstone palace in Jaipur.

1. It was built in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh of the Kachhwaha Rajput dynasty, designed by Lal Chand Ustad.
2. Its 953 small windows (jharokhas) let royal women watch street life unseen.
3. Jaipur city itself was founded by Sawai Jai Singh II (1727).

Yaad rakhein: Hawa Mahal → Pratap Singh (1799); Jaipur city & Jantar Mantar → Jai Singh II.

Answer: (C) Sawai Pratap Singh

Concept: HTTP status codes: 2xx success, 3xx redirection, 4xx client error, 5xx server error.

1. 301 Moved Permanently – the resource has a new permanent URL (search engines update their links).
2. 302 Found – a temporary redirect.
3. 404 Not Found; 500 Internal Server Error.

Yaad rakhein: 301 = 'permanent', 302 = 'for now'.

Answer: (A) 301

Concept: Bohr–Bury rules: maximum $2n^2$ electrons in a shell (K 2, L 8, M 18), and the outermost shell holds at most 8.

1. 2, 9, 7 puts 9 electrons in the L shell ($n=2$), whose maximum is $2\times 2^2=8$ – impossible.
2. 2, 8, 3 (Al), 2, 8, 8, 1 (K) and 2, 8, 5 (P) are all valid.
3. For 18 electrons the correct arrangement is 2, 8, 8 (argon).

Yaad rakhein: K = 2, L = 8 are fixed caps – any number above these in the first two shells is wrong.

Answer: (C) 2, 9, 7