RRB NTPC Graduate CBT 2 2024 PYQs

Concept: Montane (mountain) forests change with altitude; in the wet temperate belt (1,000–2,000 m) evergreen broad-leaf trees like oaks and chestnuts dominate.

1. Ebony and mahogany are trees of tropical evergreen forests.
2. Royal Bengal Tiger is famous in the Sundarbans (mangrove forests).
3. Teak dominates tropical deciduous (monsoon) forests.

Yaad rakhein: Mountain forest belts: oak–chestnut → pine–deodar → silver fir–spruce → alpine grasses as height increases.

Answer: (C) Evergreen broad-leaf trees, such as oaks and chestnuts predominate here.

Concept: Alfred Wegener (1912) said all continents were one super-continent, Pangaea, surrounded by a single mega-ocean, Panthalassa.

1. Panthalassa means "all sea".
2. Pangaea later split into Laurasia (north) and Gondwanaland (south).
3. Tethys was the narrow sea between Laurasia and Gondwanaland, not the ocean around Pangaea.

Yaad rakhein: Pangaea = all land, Panthalassa = all sea.

Answer: (D) Panthalassa

Concept: Bhutan is called "Druk Yul" – Land of the Thunder Dragon – and its king is the Druk Gyalpo, the "Dragon King".

1. Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy ruled by the Wangchuck dynasty since 1907.
2. Present king: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the fifth Druk Gyalpo.
3. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are republics; China's dragon is a cultural symbol, not a monarchy.

Yaad rakhein: Druk = Thunder Dragon → Bhutan.

Answer: (A) Bhutan

Concept: Frequency is the number of complete oscillations (compressions or rarefactions) passing a point per second; unit hertz (Hz).

1. Wavelength = distance between two consecutive compressions (or rarefactions).
2. Amplitude = maximum disturbance; it decides loudness.
3. Count per unit time → frequency, which decides pitch.

Yaad rakhein: "How many per second" = frequency; "how far apart" = wavelength.

Answer: (B) Frequency

Concept: Articles 245–255 (Part XI) deal with Centre–State legislative relations.

1. They cover: (1) territorial extent of Central and state laws (Art. 245), (2) distribution of subjects – Union, State, Concurrent Lists (Art. 246, Seventh Schedule).
2. (3) Parliamentary legislation in the state field – Art. 249, 250, 252, 253 and President's rule.
3. (4) Centre's control over state legislation – Governor reserving bills for the President (Art. 200, 201), prior sanction, etc.

Yaad rakhein: Laxmikanth lists exactly these four heads (plus one more) under legislative relations – all four are correct.

Answer: (C) All 1, 2, 3 and 4

Concept: Part IX of the Constitution (Articles 243–243O) deals with Panchayats; Article 243C covers their composition.

1. 243A – Gram Sabha; 243B – constitution of three-tier Panchayats.
2. 243C – composition (direct election of members, chairperson) of Panchayats.
3. 243D – reservation of seats; 243E – five-year duration.

Yaad rakhein: A – Gram Sabha, B – Constitution, C – Composition, D – Reservation.

Answer: (B) Article 243C

Concept: Snell's law: for a given pair of media, $\frac{\sin i}{\sin r}=\text{constant}=n_{21}$ (refractive index of medium 2 w.r.t. medium 1).

1. The ratio, not the product, sum or difference, stays constant.
2. This constant is the relative refractive index, e.g. about 1.5 for glass w.r.t. air.
3. The incident ray, refracted ray and normal also lie in one plane (first law).

Yaad rakhein: $n_1\sin i=n_2\sin r$.

Answer: (A) $\sin i÷\sin r=\text{constant}$

Concept: MIME headers tell the receiving client what type of content the message carries; plain text email uses the type text/plain.

1. Header: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 – UTF-8 supports all languages.
2. text/html is for HTML-formatted mail; multipart/mixed is for mail with attachments.
3. application/octet-stream is for arbitrary binary files.

Yaad rakhein: Plain text → text/plain; formatted → text/html; attachments → multipart.

Answer: (B) text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Concept: Lord Dalhousie (Governor-General 1848–56) used the Doctrine of Lapse: a state whose ruler died without a natural male heir was annexed.

1. States annexed: Satara (1848), Jaitpur, Sambalpur (1849), Udaipur, Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854).
2. Awadh (1856) was annexed on the ground of misgovernance, not lapse.
3. Wellesley is linked with Subsidiary Alliance; Cornwallis with Permanent Settlement.

Yaad rakhein: Dalhousie – Doctrine of Lapse; Wellesley – Subsidiary Alliance.

Answer: (A) Lord Dalhousie

Concept: Citizenship is dealt with in Part II, Articles 5 to 11 of the Constitution.

1. Statement I is wrong: citizenship is in the Union List (entry 17), not the State List.
2. Statement II is correct: Articles 5–11 describe who became citizens at the commencement and give Parliament power to regulate citizenship.
3. Statement III is wrong: the Citizenship Act, 1955 gives five ways – birth, descent, registration, naturalisation and incorporation of territory.

Yaad rakhein: Citizenship: Part II, Art. 5–11, Union List, 5 ways to acquire, 3 ways to lose.

Answer: (B) Only II

Concept: In 1878, after Keshab Chandra Sen married his minor daughter to the Maharaja of Cooch Behar, his followers broke away and formed the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj.

1. Founders: Ananda Mohan Bose, Sib Chandra Deb, Umesh Chandra Dutta (with Shivnath Shastri).
2. Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Sabha (1828); Debendranath Tagore led the Adi Brahmo Samaj.
3. Keshab Chandra Sen formed the Brahmo Samaj of India (1866) – the group that split.

Yaad rakhein: Brahmo splits: 1866 (Adi vs of India) → 1878 (Sadharan).

Answer: (D) Ananda Mohan Bose, Sib Chandra Deb and Umesh Chandra Dutta

Concept: The UNDP's Human Development Report publishes the HDI, built on three dimensions.

1. Long and healthy life – life expectancy at birth.
2. Knowledge – mean and expected years of schooling.
3. Decent standard of living – GNI per capita (PPP).

Yaad rakhein: HDI = Health + Education + Income (first HDR in 1990, Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen).

Answer: (A) Human Development Report

Concept: Dandiya Raas of Gujarat is danced with a pair of decorated sticks (dandiyas) during Navratri.

1. It depicts a mock fight between Goddess Durga and Mahishasura; the sticks represent swords.
2. Garba is the other Navratri dance of Gujarat, done with clapping in circles.
3. Bhangra – Punjab (harvest), Bihu – Assam, Koli – fishermen of Maharashtra.

Yaad rakhein: Navratri + sticks = Dandiya; Navratri + clapping in circles = Garba.

Answer: (D) Dandiya

Concept: During evaporation, surface particles need energy (latent heat of vaporisation) to escape; they take it from the liquid and surroundings, which therefore cool.

1. Only high-energy particles escape, so the average kinetic energy of the remaining liquid falls.
2. The lost heat is replaced by absorbing heat from the surroundings → cooling.
3. Examples: sweating, water in an earthen pot (matka), acetone on palm.

Yaad rakhein: Evaporation = absorbs heat → cooling effect.

Answer: (D) Because particles absorb latent heat from the surroundings during evaporation

Concept: Speed of sound in a medium increases with temperature, because particles vibrate faster and pass on the disturbance quicker.

1. In air, $v\approx 331+0.6T\text{m/s}$ ($T$ in ${}^{\circ }\text{C}$).
2. At $0^{\circ }\text{C}$ about 331 m/s; at ${25}^{\circ }\text{C}$ about 346 m/s.
3. Sound is also faster in solids than liquids, and in liquids than gases.

Yaad rakhein: Roughly $+0.6\text{m/s}$ for every $1^{\circ }\text{C}$ rise.

Answer: (B) It increases.

Concept: The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 (in force 24 April 1993) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions.

1. Article 243D reserves not less than one-third of seats (and chairperson posts) for women.
2. The 74th Amendment did the same for urban local bodies (Municipalities).
3. 24 April is celebrated as National Panchayati Raj Day.

Yaad rakhein: 73 = Village (Panchayat), 74 = City (Municipality).

Answer: (C) 73rd Amendment

Concept: Lyophilic ("solvent-loving") sols have strong affinity for the dispersion medium, e.g. starch, gum, gelatin in water.

1. Because they are well solvated, they are stable and reversible.
2. They are not easily coagulated by electrolytes – that is a property of lyophobic sols.
3. Like all colloids, they do show the Tyndall effect (though weakly).

Yaad rakhein: Lyo-philic = love of solvent = stable; lyo-phobic = fear of solvent = unstable.

Answer: (B) They have strong affinity for the dispersion medium.

Concept: The Brundtland Commission (World Commission on Environment and Development) gave the classic definition of Sustainable Development in "Our Common Future" (1987).

1. Definition: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
2. The commission was chaired by Gro Harlem Brundtland, former PM of Norway.
3. The idea led to the Rio Earth Summit (1992) and later the SDGs (2015).

Yaad rakhein: Brundtland 1987 = Sustainable Development; Rio 1992 = Agenda 21.

Answer: (C) Sustainable Development

Concept: Champaran Satyagraha (1917, Bihar) was Gandhi's first civil disobedience in India, for indigo farmers.

1. Under the tinkathia system, peasants had to grow indigo on $\frac{3}{20}$ of their land for European planters.
2. Raj Kumar Shukla invited Gandhi; Rajendra Prasad and others joined him.
3. Kheda (1918) helped peasants of Gujarat; Ahmedabad mill strike (1918) helped cotton mill workers.

Yaad rakhein: Order: Champaran 1917 (indigo) → Ahmedabad 1918 (mill workers) → Kheda 1918 (revenue).

Answer: (A) Indigo farmers in Bihar

Concept: Hardeep Singh Brar became President and CEO of BMW Group India from 1 September 2025.

1. He succeeded Vikram Pawah, who moved to head BMW Group Australia.
2. Brar earlier led sales and marketing at Kia India.
3. Santosh Iyer heads Mercedes-Benz India – a common distractor.

Yaad rakhein: BMW India 2025 – Hardeep Singh Brar; Mercedes-Benz India – Santosh Iyer.

Answer: (C) Hardeep Singh Brar