RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT 1 2025 PYQs

Concept: The Windows Command Prompt command dir lists files; the switch /s makes it search the current folder and all its sub-folders.

1. Example: dir /s report.docx or dir /s *.pdf finds matching file names in every sub-directory without opening File Explorer.
2. chkdsk checks a disk for errors; tasklist shows running processes; ping tests a network connection.

Yaad rakhein: /s = sub-directories; dir = directory listing.

Answer: (D) dir /s

Concept: Malabar is a naval exercise of the Quad countries – India, USA, Japan and Australia.

1. Malabar 2025 was held off Guam (Pacific) in November 2025.
2. India was represented by the indigenous stealth frigate INS Sahyadri (Shivalik-class), built by Mazagon Dock.

Yaad rakhein: Malabar began in 1992 as an India–US bilateral exercise; Japan and Australia joined later.

Answer: (B) INS Sahyadri

Concept: In western Uttar Pradesh the revolt was led by local leaders who mobilised peasants.

1. Shah Mal, a resident of a large village in pargana Barout (Baghpat region), organised the headmen and cultivators of the area.
2. His men attacked government buildings and he set up his headquarters in a bungalow; he was killed in July 1858.
3. Gonoo was a Kol tribal leader of Singhbhum (Chotanagpur); Birjis Qadr was proclaimed Nawab at Lucknow; Nana Sahib led at Kanpur.

Yaad rakhein: Barout → Shah Mal (NCERT Class 8, 'When People Rebel').

Answer: (A) Shah Mal

Concept: International Women's Day is observed every year on 8 March; the UN announces a theme for it.

1. UN theme 2025: 'For ALL Women and Girls: Rights. Equality. Empowerment.' – it also marked 30 years of the Beijing Declaration (1995).
2. Other options are earlier themes: 'Invest in Women: Accelerate Progress' (2024), 'DigitALL…' (2023), 'Gender equality today for a sustainable tomorrow' (2022).

Yaad rakhein: 2022 → sustainable, 2023 → DigitALL, 2024 → Invest, 2025 → For ALL.

Answer: (B) For ALL Women and Girls: Rights. Equality. Empowerment

Concept: Task Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc) monitors and controls processes, performance and start-up behaviour.

1. The Startup apps tab lists programs that launch automatically when the user signs in, with their 'Startup impact'.
2. You can Enable/Disable each entry to speed up boot time.
3. Installed apps are listed in Settings → Apps; restore points are in System Protection – not in this tab.

Yaad rakhein: Startup tab = what starts at sign-in → enable/disable.

Answer: (C) Manages which programs are allowed to start automatically when the user signs in

Concept: Globalisation is the process of integrating the world's economies and societies through flows of goods, services, capital, technology, people and ideas.

1. It creates networks across economic, social and geographic boundaries – e.g., MNCs, global supply chains, the internet.
2. Options A, B and D describe protectionism / isolation – the opposite of globalisation.

Yaad rakhein: Globalisation = connecting, not separating.

Answer: (C) Creation of networks across economic, social, and geographic boundaries

Concept: The Ninth Schedule (added by the 1st Amendment, 1951) protects listed laws, mainly land-reform laws, from challenge in courts.

1. The 29th Amendment Act, 1972 placed two Kerala Acts on land reforms (Kerala Land Reforms Amendment Acts of 1969 and 1971) in the Ninth Schedule.
2. Reservation in promotion relates to the 77th Amendment (1995); special provisions for Mizoram came with the 53rd Amendment (1986).

Yaad rakhein: 29th → Kerala land reforms → Ninth Schedule.

Answer: (B) Two Kerala Acts on land reforms

Concept: A Kriti is the most important compositional form of Carnatic music – a song with lyrics set to a raga and tala.

1. A kriti usually has three parts: Pallavi, Anupallavi and Charanam.
2. It was perfected by the Carnatic Trinity – Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Shastri.
3. A melodic scale is a raga, ornamentation is gamaka, and a rhythmic cycle is tala.

Yaad rakhein: Raga = scale, Tala = rhythm, Gamaka = ornament, Kriti = composition.

Answer: (A) a compositional lyric form

Concept: Sher Shah Suri defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun in two battles.

1. Battle of Chausa (1539) on the Ganga near Buxar (Bihar) – first defeat of Humayun.
2. Battle of Kannauj / Bilgram (1540) – final defeat; Humayun fled to Persia and Sher Shah founded the Sur empire.
3. Panipat is linked to 1526, 1556 and 1761 battles – not Sher Shah.

Yaad rakhein: C before K: Chausa 1539 → Kannauj 1540.

Answer: (B) Chausa

Concept: Rangabati is a popular Sambalpuri folk song-and-dance of western Odisha.

1. The song 'Rangabati' (1970s), sung by Jitendra Haripal, made the Sambalpuri dance famous across India.
2. Other Odisha folk dances: Ghumura, Dalkhai, Chhau (Mayurbhanj), Gotipua.

Yaad rakhein: Sambalpuri → Rangabati, Dalkhai → Odisha.

Answer: (C) Odisha

Concept: Population density depends on physical factors (relief, climate, soil, water) and socio-economic factors (roads, jobs, services).

1. Harsh climate, poor soil and few roads all discourage settlement – e.g., deserts, polar and high mountain areas → low density.
2. River valleys, fertile flat land, mild climate, water, schools and jobs attract people → high density (options A, C, D).

Yaad rakhein: Difficult nature + poor facilities = few people.

Answer: (B) Harsh climate, poor soil, few roads

Concept: The Z-Morh tunnel (Sonamarg tunnel) in Ganderbal district, J&K, gives all-weather access to Sonamarg on the Srinagar–Leh route.

1. It is about 6.5 km long and was inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi in January (13 January 2025).
2. It bypasses the avalanche-prone Z-shaped stretch of road – hence the name 'Z-Morh'.
3. Atal tunnel – Rohtang (Himachal); Pir Panjal (Banihal) tunnel – Jammu–Baramulla rail line; Nehru (Jawahar) tunnel – Banihal pass.

Yaad rakhein: Z-shaped road → Z-Morh tunnel → Sonamarg.

Answer: (A) Z-Morh tunnel

Concept: IEEE 802 is the family of LAN/MAN standards; each sub-number is a different technology.

1. IEEE 802.3 = Ethernet – the standard for wired LANs.
2. 802.11 = Wi-Fi (wireless LAN); 802.15 = WPAN (Bluetooth, Zigbee); 802.16 = WiMAX (wireless MAN).

Yaad rakhein: 3 = cable (wired), 11 = Wi-Fi, 15 = Bluetooth, 16 = WiMAX.

Answer: (C) IEEE 802.3

Concept: The Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier, 1789): mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

1. So total mass of reactants = total mass of products.
2. Law of Definite Proportions (= Definite Composition, Proust) says a compound always has its elements in a fixed mass ratio – not about total mass.
3. Law of Periodicity relates to the periodic table.

Yaad rakhein: Mass before = mass after → Conservation (Lavoisier).

Answer: (D) Law of Conservation of Mass

Concept: Xuanzang travelled in India c. 630–645 CE; he spent about two years in Kashmir studying Buddhist texts.

1. Kashmir was then ruled by Durlabhavardhana, founder of the Karkota dynasty.
2. Harshavardhana ruled Kannauj/Thanesar and Pulakeshin II ruled the Chalukya Deccan – Xuanzang met them too, but not as rulers of Kashmir; Yashodharman (Malwa) was a century earlier.

Yaad rakhein: Kashmir + Xuanzang → Karkota founder Durlabhavardhana.

Answer: (B) Durlabhavardhana

Concept: After the early rebel successes of 1857, the British used force plus political measures to crush the revolt.

1. They brought reinforcements from England and recaptured key centres – Delhi (September 1857), Lucknow (March 1858) etc.
2. New laws were passed so that rebels could be tried and punished easily.
3. Rewards and guarantees of land were offered to loyal landholders and chiefs to win them back.

Yaad rakhein: Recapture + laws + rewards = British strategy (NCERT).

Answer: (D) Recapturing key centres, enacting new laws, and offering rewards to loyal chiefs.

Concept: The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 added Part IXA (Articles 243P–243ZG) and the Twelfth Schedule (18 functions) for municipalities.

1. Article 243W – powers, authority and responsibilities of municipalities, including performance of functions listed in the Twelfth Schedule.
2. 243P = definitions; 243Q = constitution of municipalities; 243ZC = Part not applicable to certain areas.

Yaad rakhein: Panchayat ↔ Article 243G (11th Schedule); Municipality ↔ Article 243W (12th Schedule).

Answer: (C) Article 243-W

Concept: A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution – a displacement reaction.

1. $\text{Fe}+{\text{CuSO}}_4\to {\text{FeSO}}_4+\text{Cu}$
2. Iron is more reactive than copper, so it displaces copper; the reddish-brown deposit is copper metal on the nails.
3. The blue solution slowly turns pale green (iron sulphate).

Trick: Blue → green solution + brown coating = Fe has pushed out Cu.

Answer: (B) A displacement reaction occurs, forming copper metal on the iron nails

Concept: The Chief of Army Staff (COAS) Commendation Card is awarded for distinguished service/contribution to the Army.

1. On 7 October 2025, Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi presented the COAS Commendation Card to Malayalam superstar Mohanlal in New Delhi.
2. Mohanlal is an honorary Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army (since 2009) and had just received the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.

Yaad rakhein: Honorary Lt Col of Territorial Army → Mohanlal.

Answer: (B) Mohanlal

Concept: Economic activities are grouped into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.

1. Tertiary (service) sector: trade, transport, communication, banking, storage – activities that support the other sectors.
2. Primary = using natural resources (agriculture, mining); Secondary = manufacturing; Quinary = top-level decision making (not a standard Indian sector).

Yaad rakhein: Services (trade–transport–communication) = Tertiary.

Answer: (A) Tertiary