RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT 1 2025 PYQs

Concept: The FRBM Act sets legal targets for controlling fiscal deficit and government debt.

1. The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act was passed by Parliament in 2003.
2. Its rules were notified and it came into force in July 2004 – which is why 2004 is the tempting wrong option.
3. It was recommended by the E.A.S. Sarma committee (2000) and reviewed later by the N.K. Singh committee (2016).

Yaad rakhein: FRBM: enacted 2003, in force 2004.

Answer: (A) 2003

Concept: Jhum is shifting (slash-and-burn) cultivation: forest is cut and burnt, cropped for a few years, then left fallow.

1. It is widely practised by tribal communities in the North-Eastern hill states – Assam hills, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal.
2. Steep forested slopes and community land ownership favour this method there.
3. The Indo-Gangetic Plain has permanent intensive farming, so it is not the answer.

Yaad rakhein: Jhum = North-East; similar names – Podu (Andhra/Odisha), Bewar (MP), Kuruwa (Jharkhand).

Answer: (A) North-Eastern Hills

Concept: Sleep is a low-power state that keeps your work ready for instant resume.

1. In Sleep, open apps and documents stay in RAM; RAM is volatile, so it is kept powered with a small trickle of electricity.
2. Saving the session to the drive and switching off completely is Hibernate, not Sleep.
3. BIOS chip and CPU cache are not used to hold the session.

Trick: Sleep → RAM (fast resume, needs little power); Hibernate → hard disk (zero power).

Answer: (C) In RAM, which remains powered with a small amount of electricity

Concept: Astra is India's indigenous Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile developed by DRDO.

1. Indian air-launched and other missile trials are conducted over the Bay of Bengal from the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur, on the Odisha coast.
2. Astra Mk-1 has been integrated with the Su-30MKI and the LCA Tejas, giving the indigenous fighter a BVR strike capability.
3. Kerala, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh are not the test location in this question.

Yaad rakhein: Missile test news → think Odisha (Chandipur ITR / Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Island).

Answer: (B) Odisha

Concept: Population density depends on fertile land, water, flat relief and a long history of settlement.

1. Uttar Pradesh lies in the fertile Ganga plain, settled since ancient times, and has one of India's highest densities (about 829 persons per sq km, Census 2011).
2. Meghalaya and Sikkim are hilly; Rajasthan is largely desert – all have low density.
3. Early agriculture-based settlement on alluvial soil explains UP's crowding.

Yaad rakhein: Plains + rivers + old civilisation = dense population (UP, Bihar, West Bengal).

Answer: (C) Uttar Pradesh

Concept: The gold-foil (alpha-particle scattering) experiment revealed the nucleus.

1. Ernest Rutherford (1911) fired alpha particles at thin gold foil; most passed straight, a few deflected sharply.
2. He concluded that the atom's positive charge and mass sit in a tiny, dense centre – the nucleus.
3. Dalton gave atomic theory, Boyle the gas law, Mendeleev the periodic table.

Yaad rakhein: Gold foil → Rutherford → nucleus; Cathode rays → Thomson → electron.

Answer: (A) Ernest Rutherford

Concept: Lothal (Gujarat) was a Harappan port town on the Bhogavo–Sabarmati region near the Gulf of Khambhat.

1. Its most famous feature is the brick dockyard, considered one of the world's earliest tidal docks.
2. The dockyard shows sea trade of the Indus people with distant regions.
3. The Great Bath is at Mohenjo-daro; large granaries are linked to Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.

Yaad rakhein: Lothal = dockyard; Mohenjo-daro = Great Bath; Kalibangan = ploughed field.

Answer: (B) Dockyards

Concept: Proteins are the body-building nutrients.

1. Proteins supply amino acids used to build new cells and repair damaged tissue – needed for growth and wound healing.
2. Carbohydrates and fats mainly give energy; vitamins and minerals are protective nutrients that regulate body processes.
3. Hence growth and healing are chiefly supported by proteins.

Yaad rakhein: Proteins = body-builders; Carbs/Fats = energy-givers; Vitamins/Minerals = protectors.

Answer: (C) Proteins

Concept: Famous Indian musicians are asked with their instruments.

1. Ustad Bismillah Khan of Varanasi made the shehnai a concert instrument; he played it at the Red Fort on 15 August 1947.
2. He received the Bharat Ratna in 2001.
3. Sarod – Amjad Ali Khan; Tabla – Zakir Hussain; Sitar – Ravi Shankar.

Yaad rakhein: Bismillah = Shehnai; Hariprasad Chaurasia = Flute; Shivkumar Sharma = Santoor.

Answer: (B) Shehnai

Concept: Windows offers Shut down, Restart, Sleep and Hibernate, each handling open work differently.

1. Shut down closes all apps and data and switches the PC off completely.
2. Saving the session to disk then powering off is Hibernate (option A).
3. Low-power state with apps kept in memory is Sleep/stand-by (options C and D).

Trick: Shut down = everything closed, power off; Sleep = RAM; Hibernate = disk.

Answer: (B) All apps and data are closed and the PC powers off completely

Concept: Article 323A (added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976) lets Parliament create administrative tribunals for service matters.

1. Using this power Parliament passed the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.
2. The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was set up under it on 1 November 1985 to decide service disputes of central government employees.
3. The other options are not the parent law of CAT.

Yaad rakhein: 323A → Administrative tribunals (CAT, 1985); 323B → other tribunals.

Answer: (C) Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985

Concept: The Right to Constitutional Remedies lets a person go directly to the Supreme Court when a Fundamental Right is violated.

1. Article 32 gives this right; the Supreme Court can issue writs – habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, quo warranto.
2. Dr B.R. Ambedkar called Article 32 the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution.
3. Article 226 is the High Courts' writ power (wider, but not a Fundamental Right).

Yaad rakhein: 32 → Supreme Court writs (FR); 226 → High Court writs.

Answer: (C) Article 32

Concept: A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.

1. $\text{Fe}+{\text{CuSO}}_4\to {\text{FeSO}}_4+\text{Cu}$
2. Blue solution turns light green (${\text{FeSO}}_4$) and reddish-brown copper deposits on the iron.
3. This happens because iron is more reactive than copper (Fe is above Cu in the reactivity series).

Yaad rakhein: Reactivity order: K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au – a higher metal pushes out a lower one.

Answer: (D) Iron is more reactive than copper

Concept: Article 21 – Right to Life and Personal Liberty – has been read to include dignity, health and reproductive rights.

1. In May 2025 the Supreme Court (K. Umadevi v. State of Tamil Nadu) held that maternity leave is part of a woman's reproductive rights and allowed it to a government employee for her third child.
2. The Court linked these reproductive rights to Article 21.
3. Article 14 is equality, Article 19 freedoms, Article 27 freedom from religious taxes.

Yaad rakhein: Dignity, privacy, health, reproductive choice – all flow from Article 21.

Answer: (C) Article 21

Concept: The small intestine has three parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

1. The duodenum is the first, C-shaped part; the common bile duct (bile + pancreatic juice) opens into it.
2. Bile emulsifies fats; pancreatic juice digests proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
3. Jejunum and ileum mainly absorb food; the colon is part of the large intestine.

Yaad rakhein: Order: Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum ('DJI'); juices enter at D.

Answer: (A) Duodenum

Concept: The Wahabi Movement was an Islamic revivalist and anti-British movement of the 19th century.

1. It was inspired by Syed Ahmad of Rae Bareli, and Patna (Bihar) became its main centre.
2. Patna leaders such as Vilayat Ali and Inayat Ali organised it; the British suppressed it through the Wahabi trials of the 1860s–70s.
3. Bengal is linked with the Faraizi Movement – the tempting wrong option.

Yaad rakhein: Wahabi → Patna (Bihar); Faraizi → Bengal; Kuka → Punjab.

Answer: (C) Bihar

Concept: Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325–51) is known for bold experiments.

1. Facing a shortage of silver, he introduced token currency – copper/brass coins to be valued like silver tankas.
2. People forged the coins at home, the scheme failed and the Sultan had to exchange them for real silver coins.
3. His other experiments: shifting the capital to Daulatabad and raising taxes in the Doab.

Yaad rakhein: Tughlaq's 'token' = copper coin with silver value.

Answer: (A) Token currency

Concept: 7-bit ASCII has $2^7=128$ codes (0 to 127): control codes plus printable characters.

1. The control-character block is codes 0 to 31, i.e. $31-0+1=32$ codes (NUL, TAB, LF, CR, ESC …).
2. Codes 32 to 126 are the 95 printable characters (space, digits, letters, symbols).
3. So the standard control block contains 32 characters; 64 and 16 do not fit this layout.

Yaad rakhein: ASCII: $0$–$31$ control, $32$–$126$ printable, total $128$.

Answer: (C) 32

Concept: Hertz means cycles per second; giga ($\text{G}$) means ${10}^9$ (one billion).

1. $1\text{GHz}={10}^9$ cycles per second.
2. $3.5\text{GHz}=3.5\times {10}^9$ cycles per second.
3. That is 3.5 billion cycles every second.

Trick: kilo ${10}^3$ → mega ${10}^6$ → giga ${10}^9$ (thousand, million, billion).

Answer: (C) 3.5 billion cycles per second

Concept: The rigid lithosphere is broken into plates that rest on the asthenosphere.

1. The asthenosphere (upper mantle, roughly 100–400 km deep) is hot, weak and partially molten, so it flows slowly like plastic.
2. This ductile layer lets the lithospheric plates slide over it; convection currents in it help drive plate motion.
3. It is not water, not rigid, and the magnetic field comes from the liquid outer core.

Yaad rakhein: Astheno = 'weak' (Greek) – the soft layer the plates ride on.

Answer: (A) It is partially molten and allows plates to move