RRB NTPC Undergraduate CBT 1 2025 PYQs

Concept: The Government of India Act, 1935 was the longest Act of the British Parliament for India and formed the base of the later Constitution.

1. It proposed an All-India Federation of provinces and princely states (never actually formed) and introduced provincial autonomy – dyarchy was abolished in the provinces.
2. Dyarchy was instead introduced at the Centre, so option A is wrong; separate electorates (first given in 1909) were extended, not created only for Hindus.
3. Other features: Federal Court (1937), RBI, bicameralism in 6 provinces, extended franchise.

Trick: 1919 Act = dyarchy in provinces; 1935 Act = provincial autonomy + federation.

Answer: (C) Provincial autonomy and federal structure

Concept: Make in India (25 September 2014) is a flagship initiative to make India a global manufacturing hub.

1. Its aims: raise manufacturing growth, increase the share of manufacturing in GDP (target 25%), create jobs and attract FDI through ease of doing business.
2. It covers 25+ sectors (automobiles, electronics, defence, textiles, etc.); the logo is a lion made of cogs.
3. Healthcare, agri-exports and tourism have their own schemes (Ayushman Bharat, APEDA, Incredible India).

Trick: Make in India = Manufacturing + Jobs (lion of cogs = industry).

Answer: (C) boosting manufacturing and job creation

Concept: The Kadambas (c. 345–540 CE) were the first native Kannada-speaking ruling dynasty, with capital at Banavasi (Karnataka).

1. Founder Mayurasharman was a Brahmin scholar who, insulted at Kanchi by Pallava officials, took up arms, used guerrilla tactics in the forests and carved out a kingdom; the Talagunda inscription records this.
2. Mahendravarman and Pulakesin belong to the Pallava and Chalukya dynasties respectively; Vinayaditya was a later Chalukya king.

Trick: Kadamba – Mayurasharman – Banavasi (all begin in Karnataka history, c. 345 CE).

Answer: (D) Mayurasarman

Concept: DPSPs (Part IV, Articles 36–51) are guidelines to the State for establishing a just social and economic order; they are borrowed from the Irish Constitution.

1. Article 37 says they are not enforceable by any court (non-justiciable) but are fundamental in the governance of the country.
2. Hence they cannot be enforced through writs (A) and are not like Fundamental Rights (B).
3. They can be amended by Parliament – e.g. the 42nd and 44th Amendments added/changed Articles 39A, 43A, 48A – so D is wrong.

Trick: FR = justiciable (Art. 32 writs); DPSP = non-justiciable (Art. 37).

Answer: (C) They are non-justiciable guidelines that aim to establish a just society.

Concept: The Su-57 "Felon" is Russia's fifth-generation stealth fighter made by Sukhoi/Rostec.

1. During President Putin's visit to New Delhi for the India–Russia Annual Summit in December 2025, Russia formally offered India local production of the Su-57 (with technology transfer, proposed at HAL's Nashik line that builds Su-30MKI).
2. France offers Rafale (4.5 generation) and the USA has F-35; Japan does not export fighters.

Trick: Su = Sukhoi = Russia; Su-57 is Russia's answer to the F-35.

Answer: (C) Russia

Concept: The Demographic Transition Model describes how birth and death rates change as a country develops.

1. Stage 1: high birth rate and high death rate – population stable.
2. Stage 2: death rate falls sharply (better food, medicine, sanitation) while the birth rate stays high – the gap gives rapid "population explosion".
3. Stage 3: birth rate declines; Stage 4: both low. So stage 2 = high BR + declining DR.

Trick: Stage 2 = "death falls first, births later" → explosion.

Answer: (C) High birth rates and declining death rates

Concept: Windows offers Sleep, Hibernate, Hybrid Sleep and Shut Down; they differ in where the session is stored and how much power is used.

1. Hibernate writes the whole RAM contents (open apps and files) to the hard disk file hiberfil.sys and then powers off completely – zero battery use, and the exact session returns on power-on.
2. Sleep keeps the session in RAM, so the battery keeps draining; Hybrid Sleep also keeps RAM powered (meant for desktops).
3. Shut Down uses zero power but closes all applications – the session is lost.

Trick: Sleep = RAM (fast, uses power); Hibernate = Disk (slower, zero power); Shut Down = nothing saved.

Answer: (B) Hibernate, because it saves the entire system state to the hard disk and powers down completely.

Concept: Pressure is force acting per unit area: $P=\frac{F}{A}$.

1. SI unit of force = newton (N), SI unit of area = ${\text{m}}^2$, so SI unit of pressure = ${\text{N/m}}^2$.
2. This unit is named pascal (Pa): $1\text{Pa}=1{\text{N/m}}^2$.
3. N·m is the unit of work/torque; N/m is the unit of surface tension or spring constant.

Trick: Pressure = Force ÷ Area → N ÷ m² → pascal.

Answer: (C) N/m²

Concept: Solid rocket propellant is prepared by mixing oxidiser, fuel and binder in large mixers; bigger mixers allow bigger rocket motors.

1. In February 2025 ISRO unveiled the world's largest 10-tonne Vertical Planetary Mixer, developed with the Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI), Bengaluru, and handed over to the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.
2. It replaces imported mixers and boosts production of solid propellant for heavy launchers – a Make in India milestone.

Trick: ISRO Feb 2025 = "10-tonne Vertical Planetary Mixer" (CMTI Bengaluru → SDSC Sriharikota).

Answer: (A) 10‑tonne Vertical Planetary Mixer

Concept: Under Article 239, every Union Territory is administered by the President acting through an Administrator appointed by him.

1. The President appoints the administrator (called Lt. Governor or Administrator) for any UT, including a newly created one; Parliament only creates the UT by law (Articles 2–3).
2. The Prime Minister or a neighbouring Chief Minister has no constitutional role in this appointment.

Trick: States → Governor; UTs → Administrator/LG; both appointed by the President.

Answer: (A) The President of India

Concept: Resistivity ($\rho$) is the opposition a material offers to current flow; conductors allow current to flow easily.

1. Conductors like copper, silver and aluminium have a large number of free electrons, so their resistivity is very low ($\approx {10}^{-8}\Omega \text{ m}$).
2. Insulators have high resistivity (${10}^{12}$–${10}^{17}\Omega \text{ m}$); "no resistivity" is true only of superconductors below a critical temperature, not of ordinary conductors.

Trick: Conductor = low resistivity, Insulator = high resistivity, Superconductor = zero.

Answer: (A) Low resistivity

Concept: Microsoft Office uses common Ctrl-key shortcuts across Word, Excel and PowerPoint.

1. Ctrl + S = Save the current file (S for Save); Ctrl + Shift + S / F12 = Save As.
2. Ctrl + F = Find, Ctrl + V = Paste, Ctrl + Tab = switch between open tabs/windows.

Trick: S-Save, F-Find, V-Paste (V looks like an arrow pointing down = "put here").

Answer: (B) Ctrl + S

Concept: Kalinga (Odisha) temple architecture has three styles – Rekha, Pidha and Khakhara deul.

1. The Sun Temple at Konark (13th century, built by Narasimhadeva I of the Eastern Ganga dynasty) is designed as a colossal chariot of the Sun god with 24 carved wheels and 7 horses; it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site (1984), the "Black Pagoda".
2. Lingaraja (Bhubaneswar), Jagannath (Puri) and Mukteshvara (Bhubaneswar) are also Kalinga-style but are not chariot-shaped.

Trick: Konark = "Kona" (corner) + "Arka" (Sun) → chariot of the Sun with 24 wheels.

Answer: (A) Sun Temple

Concept: Odissi is the classical dance of Odisha, known for its tribhanga posture and mudras.

1. Aruna Mohanty, a Bhubaneswar-based disciple of Guru Gangadhar Pradhan, is a leading Odissi dancer and heads the Orissa Dance Academy; she received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (2007) and the Padma Shri in 2017.
2. Other famous Odissi names: Kelucharan Mohapatra, Sonal Mansingh, Sanjukta Panigrahi, Madhavi Mudgal.

Trick: Surname "Mohanty/Mohapatra/Panigrahi" → Odisha → Odissi.

Answer: (C) Odissi

Concept: IRENA publishes annual Renewable Capacity Statistics for all countries.

1. China has by far the largest installed hydropower capacity – over 420 GW (about one-third of the world total), including the Three Gorges Dam (22.5 GW), the world's largest power station.
2. Brazil (≈110 GW), the USA (≈100 GW) and Canada (≈80 GW) follow; India is around 5th–6th with ≈50 GW.

Trick: For almost every renewable (solar, wind, hydro) the No. 1 installer is China.

Answer: (A) China

Concept: Part XI of the Constitution (Articles 245–263) deals with relations between the Union and the States.

1. Chapter I – Legislative relations: Articles 245–255 (territorial extent of laws, Seventh Schedule lists, residuary powers, Parliament legislating on State subjects, etc.).
2. Chapter II – Administrative relations: Articles 256–263. Financial relations are in Part XII (Articles 268–293).

Trick: Part XI: 245–255 Legislative, 256–263 Administrative; Part XII: 268–293 Financial.

Answer: (B) Legislative relations

Concept: The Syed Modi International is a BWF Super 300 tournament named after the former national champion Syed Modi.

1. It is held every year at the Babu Banarasi Das Indoor Stadium, Lucknow; the November 2025 edition was also held there, with Lakshya Sen winning the men's singles title.
2. Other Indian BWF events: India Open (New Delhi), Odisha Masters (Cuttack), Guwahati Masters.

Trick: Syed Modi = Lucknow (always), India Open = New Delhi.

Answer: (A) Lucknow

Concept: The CPU is much faster than main memory (RAM), so a small, very fast memory is placed between them to hide the delay.

1. Cache memory (L1/L2/L3, made of SRAM) stores frequently and recently used data and instructions right next to the processor, so most requests are served without waiting for RAM.
2. The instruction set defines operations, the address decoder selects memory locations and the fan only cools – none of these reduce memory latency.

Trick: Speed order: Registers > Cache > RAM > SSD/HDD; cache = "CPU ka fridge" for frequently used data.

Answer: (B) Cache Memory

Concept: Max Verstappen (Netherlands) is a four-time F1 World Champion (2021–2024).

1. He has driven for Red Bull Racing since 2016 and won the 2025 United States Grand Prix at the Circuit of the Americas, Austin (19 October 2025), from pole position.
2. McLaren's drivers in 2025 were Norris and Piastri; Ferrari's were Leclerc and Hamilton; Racing Bulls is Red Bull's junior team.

Trick: Verstappen = Red Bull (car No. 1 or 33); Norris & Piastri = McLaren.

Answer: (D) Red Bull Racing

Concept: Fiscal policy is the government's use of taxation and public expenditure to influence the economy (monetary policy is the RBI's job).

1. Its main objectives are economic growth with stability – full employment, price stability, reduced inequality and balanced regional development.
2. Increasing deficit or inflation are problems to be controlled, not objectives; trade is handled by trade/commercial policy.

Trick: Fiscal = Finance Ministry (tax + spending); Monetary = RBI (money + interest).

Answer: (B) Economic growth and stability