SSC CGL 2025 PYQs

Concept: Personal foul = illegal body contact with an opponent.

1. Pushing, holding, blocking, charging during live play are personal fouls.
2. Arguing with referee or bench misconduct → technical foul; delay → violation.

Trick: Personal = physical contact; Technical = behaviour/conduct.

Answer: (D) Illegal physical contact made during active play

Concept: Montagu–Chelmsford reforms made the central legislature two-housed.

1. Upper house: Council of State.
2. Lower house: Central Legislative Assembly.
3. Chamber of Princes (1921) was only a consultative body of rulers.

Yaad rakhein: 1919 Act also brought dyarchy in provinces and direct elections for the first time.

Answer: (D) Central Legislative Assembly

Concept: Vijay Kumar won silver in 25 m rapid fire pistol.

1. He entered the final after a shoot-off in the qualification stage.
2. Gold went to Cuba's Leuris Pupo – so (D) is wrong; no world record was set by him.

Yaad rakhein: India won 6 medals at London 2012 (2 silver: Vijay Kumar, Sushil Kumar).

Answer: (B) He secured a place in the final after winning a shoot-off in the sixth round.

Concept: Know the style and plot of 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' (1967).

1. It is a landmark of magical realism about the Buendía family in fictional Macondo → 1 correct.
2. Its time flows in cycles, not strict chronology; it is fiction, not a political history → 2 wrong.

Yaad rakhein: Gabriel García Márquez (Colombia) – Nobel Prize in Literature, 1982.

Answer: (A) Only statement 1 is correct

Concept: Check each statement against the official calendar.

1. Asia's oldest football event, the Durand Cup (first played in 1888), had its 2024 edition fixed from late July to 31 August → 1 correct.
2. I-League 3 and Junior Girls National Championship were placed in different months → 2 wrong.

Yaad rakhein: Durand Cup is named after Sir Mortimer Durand (of Durand Line fame).

Answer: (C) Only 1

Concept: Article 360 gives special financial powers to the President.

1. During Financial Emergency the President can order cuts in salaries of all Union employees.
2. This includes judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
3. It has never been imposed in India.

Yaad rakhein: Emergency articles: 352 National, 356 President's Rule, 360 Financial.

Answer: (B) President

Concept: Judge A and R separately.

1. A: ISRO uses generative design to make lighter yet strong parts → true.
2. R: such software is used in cars, aircraft, medical implants, buildings – not exclusive to space → false.

Trick: Words like 'exclusively', 'only', 'cannot be used in any' usually make a statement false.

Answer: (A) A is true, but R is false

Concept: Article 293 limits State borrowing.

1. A State can borrow only within India (Art. 293(1)) → foreign loans only through the Union → 2 correct.
2. If a State owes money to the Centre, it needs Central consent for fresh loans (Art. 293(3)) → 1 correct.

Yaad rakhein: Union borrowing is under Article 292; State borrowing under Article 293.

Answer: (D) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct

Concept: Heat produced H = I²Rt, so a heater needs high resistance and must not melt.

1. Nichrome (nickel + chromium alloy) has high resistivity → more heat.
2. High melting point and oxidation resistance → stays red-hot without melting or burning.

Trick: Fuse wire is the opposite: low melting point. Heater coil: high ρ + high melting point.

Answer: (A) It has high resistivity and a high melting point

Concept: Thoda is the archery-based martial game of Himachal Pradesh.

1. Played around Baisakhi in Kullu, Shimla, Sirmaur regions, mainly by Rajput communities.
2. Archers aim blunt arrows at the opponent's legs below the knee; teams are 'Pashis' and 'Saathis'.

Yaad rakhein: Other martial arts: Kalaripayattu (Kerala), Gatka (Punjab), Thang-Ta (Manipur), Silambam (Tamil Nadu).

Answer: (C) Rajputs

Concept: GDP is a measure of output, not of welfare.

1. A: high GDP may still hide poverty or pollution → true.
2. R: GDP ignores capital depreciation, environmental loss and unequal distribution – exactly why it misses well-being → true and explains A.

Trick: Ask 'A because R?' – if it reads naturally, R explains A.

Answer: (D) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Concept: India's AQI has six bands; 401–500 is 'Severe'.

1. A: AQI above 400 = Severe → true.
2. R: in this band even healthy people face breathing problems – that health impact is the basis of the label → true and explains A.

Yaad rakhein: Bands: Good 0–50, Satisfactory 51–100, Moderate 101–200, Poor 201–300, Very Poor 301–400, Severe 401–500.

Answer: (B) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Concept: 'Double-edged' means one benefit plus one drawback.

1. Benefit: cheap fertilizer, with HYV seeds, raised farm output in the Green Revolution.
2. Drawback: big, irrigated farmers used most of it, so gains went unevenly to the rich.

Trick: Only (D) contains both a plus and a minus – the meaning of 'double-edged'.

Answer: (D) They increased agricultural productivity but disproportionately benefited wealthy farmers

Concept: Remember the mission's goal and its 2030 target.

1. The mission wants India to lead the world in making and exporting green hydrogen → 1 correct.
2. Splitting water by electrolysis with solar/wind electricity gives green hydrogen → 3 correct.
3. The 2030 goal is a minimum of 5 MMT a year; '10 MMT' is wrong → 2 wrong.

Yaad rakhein: Mission approved January 2023; target 5 MMT ↔ about 125 GW of linked renewable capacity.

Answer: (A) Only 1 and 3 are correct

Concept: Navratna is a status that gives top PSUs more freedom.

1. Started in 1997 for profitable central PSUs.
2. Their boards get financial and operational autonomy (e.g., investments without prior government nod).
3. They remain government-owned – not privatised.

Yaad rakhein: Status ladder: Maharatna (highest) → Navratna → Miniratna.

Answer: (D) Public enterprises granted enhanced autonomy to improve performance

Concept: ISRO is India's national space agency.

1. ISRO = Indian Space Research Organisation, formed on 15 August 1969.
2. It grew out of INCOSPAR (1962); HQ is in Bengaluru, under the Department of Space.

Yaad rakhein: Vikram Sarabhai is called the father of the Indian space programme.

Answer: (C) Indian Space Research Organisation

Concept: Chabahar (Iran) gives India a route to Afghanistan and Central Asia.

1. Pakistan denies India land transit to Afghanistan.
2. Goods go by sea to Chabahar on Iran's south-east coast, then by road/rail to Afghanistan — Pakistan is bypassed.
3. Caspian access or Iran's defence are not the purpose.

Yaad rakhein: India operates the Shahid Beheshti terminal at Chabahar; it links with the International North–South Transport Corridor (INSTC).

Answer: (D) To bypass Pakistan for trade with Afghanistan

Concept: Teer is a traditional archery contest of the Khasi Hills, Meghalaya.

1. Played mostly in Shillong; archers shoot arrows at a straw target.
2. The number of arrows that hit decides the result, on which people bet.
3. It is a legal, government-regulated activity in Meghalaya.

Yaad rakhein: Archery is the national sport of Bhutan; in India Teer is unique to Meghalaya.

Answer: (A) Meghalaya

Concept: The 2018 Hero Intercontinental Cup was held in Mumbai.

1. Venue: Mumbai Football Arena, Andheri.
2. India beat Kenya 2–0 in the final; Sunil Chhetri scored both goals.

Yaad rakhein: Sunil Chhetri is India's all-time top scorer in men's international football.

Answer: (A) Mumbai

Concept: BNS, BNSS and BSA (in force from 1 July 2024) push e-processes in justice.

1. BNSS allows trials, inquiries and proceedings in electronic mode, incl. video-conference hearings.
2. FIR is not removed — e-FIR and Zero FIR are actually added. So (A), (B) are wrong.

Yaad rakhein: BNSS replaced the CrPC, BNS replaced the IPC, and BSA replaced the Indian Evidence Act.

Answer: (C) Introduction of virtual court hearings