SSC CGL 2025 PYQs

Concept: Each ruling house of Delhi is named after its founder (except the Tomaras).

1. Tomara → Anangapala (associated with Lal Kot, Delhi).
2. Khalji → Jalaluddin Khalji (1290); Sayyid → Khizr Khan (1414).
3. Lodi → Bahlul Lodi (1451).

Trick: Khalji and Lodi founders carry the dynasty name — options putting them elsewhere are out; only (b) remains.

Answer: (B) Tomaras - Ananga Pala; Khalji - Jalaluddin Khalji; Sayyid - Khizr Khan; Lodi - Bahlul Lodi

Concept: Paes's first Olympics came one edition before his bronze.

1. Debut: Barcelona 1992.
2. Bronze in men's singles: Atlanta 1996 — India's first Olympic tennis medal.
3. There has never been a 'New Delhi Olympics'.

Yaad rakhein: Atlanta 1996 bronze was India's first individual Olympic medal after K.D. Jadhav (1952).

Answer: (C) Barcelona Olympic Games

Concept: The 5th BIMSTEC Summit (Colombo, virtual, March 2022) took this decision.

1. Sri Lanka chaired the 5th Summit.
2. It adopted the BIMSTEC Charter and agreed on a Technology Transfer Facility in Colombo.
3. The facility helps member nations share technology.

Yaad rakhein: BIMSTEC has 7 members; its secretariat is in Dhaka. The 6th Summit was held in Bangkok (2025).

Answer: (C) Fifth Summit

Concept: 'An Era of Darkness' (2016) is by Shashi Tharoor.

1. It argues how British rule damaged India's economy and society.
2. Its UK title is 'Inglorious Empire'.
3. Romila Thapar – historian of ancient India; Vikram Seth – 'A Suitable Boy'; Pavan Varma – 'The Great Indian Middle Class'.

Yaad rakhein: The book grew from Tharoor's 2015 Oxford Union debate speech on colonial reparations.

Answer: (C) Shashi Tharoor

Concept: Piyush Anand (IPS, 1991 batch) became NDRF Director General in 2024.

1. He took over from Atul Karwal.
2. NDRF was formed under the Disaster Management Act, 2005 and works under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Yaad rakhein: NDRF was raised in 2006; NDMA is chaired by the Prime Minister.

Answer: (D) Piyush Anand

Concept: Gaganyaan is planned for Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

1. Crew of 3 is to orbit at about 400 km for up to 3 days.
2. 36,000 km is geostationary orbit — far too high for a crewed capsule.
3. 100 km is only the Kármán line (edge of space).

Trick: LEO ≈ ISS height ≈ 400 km — remember 'ISS = 400'.

Answer: (C) 400 km

Concept: Population change = births − deaths ± net migration.

1. Births add, deaths subtract, migration adds or subtracts people directly.
2. Employment only affects people's decision to move; it does not itself change the count.

Trick: Ask: 'Does this directly add or remove a person?' — employment does not.

Answer: (C) Employment

Concept: Check venue, organiser and dates one by one.

1. Venue: Mayo College, Ajmer (Rajasthan) — 1 is correct.
2. Dates: 14–18 April 2025 — 3 is correct.
3. It was run by the Swimming Federation of India, not a Navy command — 2 is wrong.

Trick: A national club league is run by the sports federation, so a 'Naval Command' claim is the likely false one.

Answer: (C) 1 and 3 only

Concept: Karnataka is a leading iron-ore state.

1. Bellary–Hospet and Kudremukh are its major iron-ore areas.
2. Other top states: Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand.
3. Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh are not major producers.

Yaad rakhein: Odisha is India's top iron-ore producer; Kudremukh means 'horse-face' hill.

Answer: (C) Karnataka

Concept: Group molecules by their job in the cell.

1. Glucose = fuel; ATP = energy currency; NADH = electron/energy carrier.
2. DNA = stores genetic information, not energy.
3. So DNA is the odd one.

Trick: Three are linked to respiration (energy); one to heredity.

Answer: (C) DNA

Concept: Article 21A was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.

1. 21A: free and compulsory education for ages 6–14 as a Fundamental Right.
2. Same amendment changed Article 45 and added duty 51A(k).
3. The RTE Act came in 2009 (in force 2010).

Trick: '86 → 6 to 14' — the amendment number holds the age range digits.

Answer: (B) 86th Amendment Act

Concept: In a horizontal flow, faster fluid means lower pressure.

1. Continuity: A × v = constant → smaller area gives higher speed.
2. Bernoulli: P + ½ρv² = constant → higher v gives lower P.
3. So in the narrow part, speed ↑ and pressure ↓.

Trick: Speed and pressure always move in opposite directions — only (a) and (b) qualify; narrow pipe means faster.

Answer: (B) Speed increases, Pressure decreases

Concept: NSWS is a single digital window for investor approvals.

1. Launched in 2021 by the Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
2. Investors apply for central and state clearances/licences in one place.
3. Goal: ease of doing business.

Trick: 'Single Window' + Commerce Ministry → business clearances; other options belong to other ministries.

Answer: (B) Facilitate industrial approvals and clearances through a unified digital platform

Concept: Tippani is a work-based folk dance of the Saurashtra (Chorwad) region.

1. Women beat lime/clay floors with long poles called tippani — the rhythm became a dance (1 correct).
2. Men play dhol and nagara-type drums in support (2 correct).

Yaad rakhein: Other Gujarat folk dances: Garba, Dandiya Raas, Padhar, Bhavai (folk theatre).

Answer: (C) Both 1 and 2

Concept: Check A and R separately, then check the link.

1. A: India's HDI value has risen steadily since 2010 — true.
2. R: The Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) was introduced in the 2010 report — true as a fact.
3. But IHDI is a separate index; India's progress came from health, education and income gains — R does not explain A.

Trick: A new measuring tool cannot cause real development — so the link fails.

Answer: (B) Both A and R are true, but R does not correctly explain A.

Concept: The Western Ghats are valued for monsoon influence and biodiversity.

1. They stop the south-west monsoon winds, giving heavy rain on the western slopes.
2. They are a global biodiversity hotspot with many endemic species.
3. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage (natural) site in 2012.

Trick: Polar ecosystems near the equator and desert plants in rainforest hills are clearly absurd — eliminate.

Answer: (B) They play a vital role in shaping India's monsoon patterns and shelter immense biodiversity.

Concept: Article 312 lets Parliament create new All India Services.

1. Condition: Rajya Sabha resolves by 2/3 of members present and voting that it is in the national interest.
2. Existing AIS: IAS, IPS, Indian Forest Service.
3. Rajya Sabha has this role because it represents the states.

Yaad rakhein: Article 249 is the other special Rajya Sabha power — Parliament can legislate on a State List subject by a similar 2/3 resolution.

Answer: (C) All India Services

Concept: Early Five-Year Plans had four goals: growth, modernisation, self-reliance, equity.

1. A: self-reliance was a key early goal — true.
2. R: newly independent India wanted to cut dependence on foreign aid and imports (even of food) — true.
3. R is exactly why self-reliance was chosen → R explains A.

Trick: When R states the purpose behind A, the answer is usually 'both true, R explains A'.

Answer: (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Concept: Interplanetary = travelling to another planet.

1. Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission) was launched 5 Nov 2013 by PSLV-C25.
2. It entered Mars orbit on 24 Sep 2014 — India was first to succeed on its first attempt.
3. Chandrayaan-1 → Moon (not a planet); Aditya-L1 → Sun–Earth L1 point; Gaganyaan → crewed LEO.

Trick: Moon and Sun are not planets — so only the Mars mission is interplanetary.

Answer: (D) Mangalyaan

Concept: Article 262 lets Parliament set up a special mechanism and keep courts out.

1. 262(1): Parliament may provide for adjudication of inter-state river disputes — 1 correct.
2. 262(2): Parliament may bar the Supreme Court; the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 does so — 2 wrong.
3. Such disputes go to tribunals (e.g. Cauvery, Krishna).

Yaad rakhein: The River Boards Act, 1956 was passed the same year as the Disputes Act under the same constitutional scheme.

Answer: (A) Only 1