SSC CGL 2025 PYQs

Concept: BRICS STI work runs through its own ministerial and working-group framework.

1. Statement 1 ✓: the cooperation is based on mutual benefit, open sharing and innovation for the public good.
2. Statement 2 ✗: it is steered by STI ministers' meetings, senior officials, thematic working groups and a joint research call — not only by annual summits.

Trick: Words like 'solely', 'only', 'never' usually make a GK statement false.

Answer: (A) 1 only

Concept: Sports current affairs – first edition of the para games.

1. The 1st Khelo India Para Games were held in New Delhi, 10–17 December 2023.
2. About 1,400 para-athletes competed in 7 sports (para athletics, para shooting, para archery, para football, para badminton, para table tennis, para weightlifting) at 3 venues.

Yaad rakhein: Haryana topped the medal table at the first Khelo India Para Games.

Answer: (C) December 2023

Concept: Judge A and R separately against what the novel is about.

1. Aravind Adiga's 2011 novel is set in Vishram Society, a Mumbai housing block a builder wants to demolish; one retired teacher refuses to sell.
2. It examines greed, pressure and moral choices of neighbours — A is true.
3. It is not a history of Mumbai's colonial architecture — R is false.

Yaad rakhein: Aravind Adiga won the 2008 Booker Prize for 'The White Tiger'.

Answer: (C) A is true, but R is false

Concept: Limestone (calcium carbonate) is deposited as water drips inside caves.

1. Stalactite: hangs down from the roof (water drips from it).
2. Stalagmite: rises from the floor, built by drops falling from the ceiling — option (b) matches.
3. Pillar/column: forms when the two join; it does not just hang from the roof.

Trick: staLaCtite – hangs from the Ceiling; staGmite – grows from the Ground.

Answer: (B) Stalagmite - Formed by dripping water from cave ceiling

Concept: NVS series = second-generation satellites of NavIC, India's regional navigation system.

1. GSLV-F15 put NVS-02 in orbit on 29 January 2025 — the 100th launch from Sriharikota.
2. Its job is positioning, navigation and timing services (with an indigenous atomic clock) for India and ~1,500 km around it.
3. Weather/TV/deep-space roles belong to INSAT, GSAT and DSN — not NVS.

Trick: NVS = Navigation Satellite — the name gives the answer.

Answer: (A) Enhancing India's navigation system with precise positioning services

Concept: Growth can be shown as the absolute number added or as a rate (%) per year.

1. A ✓: both forms are standard in census analysis.
2. R ✗: absolute numbers alone hide the base — 10 lakh added to a big population is a slower rate than 10 lakh added to a small one.
3. So a complete picture needs the rate too.

Yaad rakhein: Growth rate (%) = (change in population ÷ earlier population) × 100.

Answer: (C) A is true, but R is false

Concept: Check the current fact and the constitutional provisions.

1. 1 ✓: K. Sanjay Murthy took over as the 15th CAG on 21 Nov 2024 after G. C. Murmu.
2. 2 ✓: Article 148 – the President appoints the CAG by warrant under hand and seal.
3. 3 ✗: term is 6 years or till age 65, whichever comes first; he is not eligible for further office under the Union/States after it.

Yaad rakhein: CAG is removed like a Supreme Court judge and is called the 'guardian of the public purse'.

Answer: (A) 1 and 2 only

Concept: Each organelle has a specific job in the cell.

1. Golgi apparatus modifies proteins (e.g. adds sugars), then sorts and packs them into vesicles for secretion.
2. ATP → mitochondria; most lipids → smooth ER; DNA replication → nucleus.

Trick: Golgi = the cell's 'post office': it packs, labels and dispatches.

Answer: (C) Protein modification

Concept: Voting rule of the GST Council is laid down in Article 279A.

1. A decision needs at least 3/4 of the weighted votes of members present and voting.
2. Weightage: Union Government = 1/3; all States together = 2/3.
3. So neither side alone can push a decision.

Yaad rakhein: GST Council was added by the 101st Amendment, 2016; the Union Finance Minister chairs it.

Answer: (B) Three-fourths majority

Concept: Some Bills need prior recommendation or sanction of the President/Governor.

1. Article 255: if that recommendation was missing but assent is later given by the President/Governor, the Act is not invalid on that ground.
2. So the lapse is treated as a procedural matter, cured by later assent — option (c).

Yaad rakhein: Article 117 requires the President's recommendation to introduce a Financial Bill; Art. 255 protects such laws after assent.

Answer: (C) If assent is granted, the absence of prior recommendation does not invalidate the law.

Concept: Frequency is decided by the source, not by the medium.

1. In a new medium, speed changes (v = c/n).
2. Since v = f × λ and f is fixed, the wavelength changes along with speed.
3. Amplitude also drops a little as part of the light is reflected — so only frequency is unchanged.

Trick: Colour depends on frequency — light does not change colour when it enters water, so frequency is constant.

Answer: (A) Frequency

Concept: BSA is one of the three new criminal laws that came into force on 1 July 2024.

1. It replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.
2. Electronic/digital records (emails, server logs, smartphone data) are treated as documents and can be primary evidence; forensic and technological evidence is given a wider role.

Yaad rakhein: Other two new laws: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (replaces IPC) and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (replaces CrPC).

Answer: (A) Forensic science and digital technology

Concept: Check the award's nature and the ministry behind it.

1. A ✓: it is the top national honour for scientists, technologists and innovators, first given in 2024.
2. R ✗: it is run by the Ministry of Science & Technology, not the Ministry of Culture.
3. Categories: Vigyan Ratna, Vigyan Shri, Vigyan Yuva–SSB, Vigyan Team.

Yaad rakhein: Prof. G. Padmanabhan received the first Vigyan Ratna (2024).

Answer: (C) A is true, but R is false

Concept: Published by the World Economic Forum since 2006.

1. Four sub-indices: Economic Participation & Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health & Survival, Political Empowerment.
2. These map to Economy, Education, Health and Politics — option (a).

Trick: Mnemonic 'PEHE' – Politics, Economy, Health, Education.

Answer: (A) Politics, Economy, Health, and Education

Concept: Each North-Eastern state has its own traditional combat art.

1. Thang-Ta ('thang' = sword, 'ta' = spear) is the armed martial art of the Meitei people of Manipur.
2. Its full system is Huyen Langlon; it is also staged as a ritual dance.

Yaad rakhein: Sarit Sarak is Manipur's unarmed martial art; Kalaripayattu is from Kerala.

Answer: (A) Manipur

Concept: Heavy industry: bulky raw materials (steel), big capital, heavy finished goods.

1. Shipbuilding and automobiles use large amounts of steel and machinery → heavy industries.
2. Watches, paint brushes, bulbs, fuse wires and sewing machines are small consumer goods → light industries.

Trick: Ask: 'Can one person carry the product?' If yes, it is usually a light industry.

Answer: (B) Shipbuilding and Automobile

Concept: Indian Governors are appointed, not elected (Canadian model).

1. Article 155: the President appoints the Governor by warrant under hand and seal.
2. Article 156: he holds office during the pleasure of the President, normally for 5 years.

Yaad rakhein: Minimum age for a Governor is 35 years (Article 157).

Answer: (B) Appointed by the President

Concept: The question asks for the main risk 'beyond' habitat loss.

1. Roads, dams and mining are themselves forms of habitat loss, so (a) is excluded by the wording.
2. Invasive alien plants such as Lantana camara, Chromolaena and Acacia spread fast and crowd out native, narrowly adapted endemic species.
3. Hence invasive species are the key additional threat.

Trick: Read the qualifier: 'beyond habitat loss' removes every option that is just another way of destroying habitat.

Answer: (B) Spread of invasive alien species

Concept: Earth-imaging satellites need repeat coverage under the same sunlight.

1. NISAR, the NASA–ISRO radar mission, was launched by GSLV-F16 on 30 July 2025.
2. It flies in a near-polar Sun-synchronous orbit, mapping almost all land and ice every 12 days with L-band and S-band radar.

Trick: Remote-sensing / Earth-observation satellite ⇒ think Sun-synchronous polar orbit first.

Answer: (C) Polar Sun-synchronous Orbit

Concept: Both heads have the power to dissolve the elected House (on ministerial advice).

1. 1 ✓: Article 174(2)(b) – the Governor may dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
2. 2 ✗: Article 85(2)(b) – the President may dissolve the Lok Sabha.
3. Rajya Sabha and Legislative Councils are permanent and cannot be dissolved.

Yaad rakhein: Article 85 = President summons/prorogues/dissolves Parliament; Article 174 = same powers of the Governor for the State.

Answer: (A) 1 only