SSC CHSL 2025 PYQs

Concept: Free legal aid and equal justice are a Directive Principle (Part IV).

1. Article 39A: equal justice and free legal aid – added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.
2. It is the basis of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 (NALSA, Lok Adalats).
3. Art. 46 = welfare of SC/ST and weaker sections; Art. 42 = just and humane conditions of work, maternity relief.

Trick: 39A – 'A' for Aid: Equal justice and free legal Aid.

Answer: (C) Article 39 A

Concept: Match each leader with the year of the award.

1. Karpoori Thakur (former Bihar CM, 'Jan Nayak') – Bharat Ratna 2024, posthumous.
2. Lal Bahadur Shastri – 1966; B. R. Ambedkar – 1990; Jayaprakash Narayan – 1999.
3. So among the options only Karpoori Thakur belongs to 2024.

Yaad rakhein: 2024 had five awardees: Karpoori Thakur, L. K. Advani, P. V. Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan Singh, M. S. Swaminathan.

Answer: (D) Karpoori Thakur (Posthumous)

Concept: Budget 2025-26 set up a Nuclear Energy Mission for small modular reactors.

1. Outlay: ₹20,000 crore for R&D of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs).
2. Target: at least 5 indigenously developed SMRs operational by 2033.
3. Long-term goal: 100 GW nuclear power by 2047.

Yaad rakhein: Link the numbers: 20,000 crore → 5 SMRs → 2033 → 100 GW by 2047.

Answer: (C) 5

Concept: The report is released every year around 20 March (International Day of Happiness).

1. India's rank in the 2025 report: 118th of 147 countries.
2. This was better than 126th in 2024.
3. Finland was No. 1 for the 8th straight year.

Yaad rakhein: Prepared by Oxford's Wellbeing Research Centre with Gallup and UN SDSN; 2025 theme 'Caring and Sharing'.

Answer: (C) 118th

Concept: The report projects where the world's children will live in the 2050s.

1. Four countries – India, China, Nigeria, Pakistan – will hold over one-third of all children.
2. Sudan is not among them.
3. Report theme: 'The Future of Childhood in a Changing World'.

Trick: Remember 'IN-CHI-NI-PAK': India, China, Nigeria, Pakistan.

Answer: (A) Sudan

Concept: In 2025 Diu became India's first district to meet all its daytime power demand through solar energy.

1. Diu is in the UT of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu.
2. About 11.88 MW solar capacity (ground-mounted + rooftop) now meets its demand.
3. Earlier it depended largely on power bought from Gujarat.

Trick: Do not confuse with Rewa (MP) – known for its large Rewa Ultra Mega Solar park, not a 100% solar district.

Answer: (B) Diu

Concept: Each vocalist is linked to a gharana (style lineage).

1. Ashwini Bhide Deshpande belongs to the Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana.
2. She trained with her mother Manik Bhide and with Ratnakar Pai.
3. The gharana was founded by Ustad Alladiya Khan; Kishori Amonkar is another famous singer of it.

Yaad rakhein: Jaipur-Atrauli = 'complex/rare ragas'; Gwalior = oldest khayal gharana; Mewati = Pt. Jasraj.

Answer: (B) Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana

Concept: Identify the author of the 1992 work.

1. Amitav Ghosh wrote 'In an Antique Land' (1992).
2. It mixes travel, history and anthropology, set partly in an Egyptian village.
3. Vikram Seth – A Suitable Boy; Arundhati Roy – The God of Small Things; Jhumpa Lahiri – Interpreter of Maladies.

Yaad rakhein: Amitav Ghosh also wrote The Shadow Lines and the Ibis trilogy (Sea of Poppies); first English writer to win the Jnanpith (2018).

Answer: (C) Amitav Ghosh

Concept: Identify the columnist-author of this collection.

1. 'Love Is Always Right and Other Musings' – by Vinita Dawra Nangia.
2. It is a collection drawn from her newspaper column 'O-zone'.
3. Other options are authors of different books (e.g. Sudha Murty – Wise and Otherwise).

Yaad rakhein: 'Musings' = collected column pieces → think of a columnist: Vinita Dawra Nangia.

Answer: (B) Vinita Dawra Nangia

Concept: Folk dances are asked with their state and nickname.

1. Suwa (Chhattisgarh) – 'suwa' means parrot, hence 'Parrot Dance'.
2. Women dance in a circle around a basket/pot with a wooden parrot, around Diwali.
3. Giddha – Punjab; Garba – Gujarat; Bihu – Assam.

Trick: Suwa = Sua = Tota (parrot).

Answer: (A) Suwa Dance

Concept: Expand the abbreviation.

1. INCOSPAR = Indian National Committee for Space Research.
2. Formed in 1962 under the Department of Atomic Energy, led by Vikram Sarabhai.
3. It became ISRO in 1969.

Yaad rakhein: Thumba (Kerala), near the magnetic equator, was chosen for India's first rocket launch (1963).

Answer: (A) National

Concept: W = mg, so m = W ÷ g (g = 9.8 m/s²).

1. m = 441 ÷ 9.8.
2. = 4410 ÷ 98 = 45 kg.
3. Mass stays 45 kg everywhere; only weight changes with g.

Trick: 441 = 21² and 9.8 = 98/10 – so 4410 ÷ 98 = 45 quickly.

Answer: (D) 45 kg

Concept: Only the giant planets have ring systems.

1. NASA found Saturn's rings losing material as icy particles fall into the planet ('ring rain').
2. At the worst-case rate the rings could vanish in about 100 million years.
3. Mars, Venus and Mercury have no rings – direct elimination.

Trick: Rings exist only on Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune; the other three options are rocky inner planets.

Answer: (B) Saturn

Concept: Later Mughal rulers made Rajput chiefs provincial governors (subahdars).

1. Around 1713, emperor Farrukhsiyar made Sawai Jai Singh II governor of Malwa.
2. Malwa was strategic against Maratha advances towards the north.
3. He founded Jaipur and built Jantar Mantar observatories (Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, Varanasi).

Yaad rakhein: Jai Singh = astronomer-king; Ujjain (one of his observatories) is in Malwa – an easy link.

Answer: (D) Malwa

Concept: A receipt is capital if it creates a liability or reduces an asset.

1. Selling PSU shares reduces government assets → capital receipt (non-debt).
2. It creates no liability, so (D) is wrong.
3. It is one-time money; it does not raise the fiscal deficit permanently (A) and is not revenue (C).

Trick: Test: Liability ↑ or Asset ↓ → Capital receipt. Disinvestment = Asset ↓.

Answer: (B) Proceeds from the sale of shares form part of capital receipts

Concept: Liberalisation (LPG reforms) began with the New Industrial Policy, 1991.

1. The 1991 policy opened India to FDI and ended most industrial licensing.
2. FIPB was set up under it to clear FDI proposals needing approval.
3. FIPB was abolished in 2017; its work moved to ministries/DPIIT.

Trick: Anything about FDI opening, delicensing or LPG → 1991.

Answer: (D) 1991

Concept: Know the end-dates of major 1857 leaders.

1. After losing Jhansi, the Rani joined Tatya Tope and captured Gwalior.
2. She died fighting near Gwalior (Kotah-ki-Serai) in June 1858 (17–18 June).
3. The British officer against her was Hugh Rose.

Yaad rakhein: Revolt began May 1857 – the Rani's last stand came a year later, June 1858; Tatya Tope was executed in April 1859.

Answer: (A) June 1858

Concept: Excise reforms around 2000–02 merged multiple rates into one CENVAT rate.

1. Excise duty was rationalised to a single CENVAT rate of 16%.
2. CENVAT allowed credit for duty paid on inputs, so tax fell only on value added.
3. This input-credit idea was carried forward into GST.

Yaad rakhein: CENVAT = Central VAT: one rate (16%) + input credit, removing 'tax on tax'.

Answer: (A) 16

Concept: Contingency Fund is at the disposal of the executive head.

1. Art. 267(2): State Contingency Fund is placed at the disposal of the Governor.
2. The Governor gives advances for unforeseen expenses, later approved by the legislature.
3. At the Union level, the President holds the Contingency Fund of India (Art. 267(1)).

Trick: President ↔ Union fund, Governor ↔ State fund – same article 267.

Answer: (C) Governor

Concept: A riverine port far upstream suffers from silt brought by the river.

1. Kolkata Port (Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port) lies on the Hugli, about 128 km from the sea.
2. Heavy silt reduces channel depth, so constant dredging is needed.
3. Haldia was built downstream as a deep-water support port to reduce this problem.

Trick: Kolkata is India's only major riverine port – silt question → Kolkata.

Answer: (D) Kolkata Port