UPHESC Assistant Professor Agricultural Extension PYQs

Concept: In February 2021 (on her birth anniversary, 14 Feb) the Government renamed both bodies after the late External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj.

1. Pravasi Bharatiya Kendra, New Delhi → Sushma Swaraj Bhavan.
2. Foreign Service Institute → Sushma Swaraj Institute of Foreign Service.
3. She was External Affairs Minister 2014–19 and was known for helping Indians abroad – hence the link with 'Pravasi'.

Short trick: Pravasi + Foreign Service = External Affairs Minister = Sushma Swaraj.

Concept: Deepotsav is the state-level Diwali festival of the UP Government held on the ghats of the Saryu (Ram ki Paidi) in Ayodhya every year since 2017.

1. Deepotsav-2019 lit about 4.1 lakh diyas in Ayodhya, a Guinness World Record at that time.
2. Kashi is famous for Dev Deepawali, not Deepotsav.

Short trick: Diwali = return of Shri Ram to Ayodhya → Deepotsav in Ayodhya.

Concept: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, a Nigerian economist and former Finance Minister of Nigeria, became WTO Director-General on 1 March 2021.

1. She is the first woman and the first African to head the WTO.
2. She succeeded Roberto Azevêdo of Brazil – the reason Brazil is a tempting distractor.

Short trick: Ngozi = Nigeria (both start with N).

Concept: Karnataka issued the order in August 2021 and became the first state to implement NEP 2020 in higher education from 2021-22.

1. The policy was approved by the Union Cabinet on 29 July 2020.
2. Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh followed later in 2021-22.

Short trick: K for Karnataka, K for 'Kick-off' of NEP.

Concept: QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) has exactly four members: India, USA, Japan and Australia.

1. South Korea is not a member (it is only discussed for 'Quad-Plus' meetings).

Short trick: QUAD = 4 = I-J-A-U (India, Japan, Australia, USA).

Concept: Flanders' Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS, 1960) records classroom verbal behaviour every 3 seconds in 10 categories – an objective, quantitative way to assess a teacher.

1. Rating scales depend on the rater's judgement, so they are subjective.
2. System analysis is a planning approach, not a teacher-evaluation tool.

Short trick: Flanders = 10 categories, 3 seconds, objective.

Concept: A pictograph (pictogram) shows data with pictures or symbols, each symbol standing for a fixed quantity.

1. Bar graph uses bars of proportional length.
2. Pie chart uses sectors of a circle (total = 360°).

Short trick: Picto-graph = picture graph.

Concept: The World Conference on Education for All was held at Jomtien, Thailand, 5–9 March 1990 (UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank).

1. It adopted the World Declaration on Education for All.
2. Its follow-up was the World Education Forum, Dakar (Senegal), 2000.

Short trick: EFA: Jomtien 1990 → Dakar 2000.

Concept: To decentralise its work, the UGC set up six Regional Offices – Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bhopal, Guwahati and Bengaluru – during 1994-95.

1. UGC itself was set up in 1953 and became a statutory body by the UGC Act, 1956.
2. A Northern Regional Office (Delhi) works from the head office.

Short trick: Six regional offices, 1994-95 – remember '94 = 6 regions'.

Concept: Purposive (judgement) sampling is a non-probability method: the researcher deliberately picks units, so no randomisation.

1. Stratified – random selection within each stratum.
2. Multi-stage – random selection at every stage.
3. Systematic – random start, then every k-th unit.

Short trick: Purposive = Purpose of researcher, not chance.

Concept: A bit (binary digit, 0 or 1) is the smallest unit of data.

1. 4 bits = 1 nibble; 8 bits = 1 byte.
2. A character is usually stored in one byte; a word is a group of bytes processed together.

Short trick: Bit < Nibble < Byte < Word.

Concept: IP = Internet Protocol, the set of rules for addressing and routing data packets across networks.

1. Every device on the internet has an IP address (IPv4 32-bit, IPv6 128-bit).
2. Internet service provider is ISP, not IP.

Short trick: TCP/IP – the two protocols that run the internet.

Concept: A Blu-ray disc is a removable optical disc – secondary, external (portable) storage, read with a blue-violet laser (405 nm).

1. Internal storage = RAM/ROM, internal hard disk.
2. A single-layer Blu-ray holds 25 GB, double-layer 50 GB.

Short trick: Removable disc = external storage.

Concept: A scanner converts printed images into digital data – it is an input device.

1. Printer, plotter and VDU (visual display unit / monitor) all give output to the user.

Short trick: Scanner scans IN.

Concept: In binary units 1 MB = 1024 KB.

1. 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Short trick: Each step up (B→KB→MB→GB→TB) multiplies by 1024 = 2¹⁰.

Concept: Pollution is any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological character of air, water, land or the surroundings – it includes water, air and noise pollution.

1. Noise is recognised as an air pollutant in India (Air Act 1981 amended 1987; Noise Pollution Rules, 2000).

Short trick: Air, water, soil, noise, thermal, radioactive – all are pollution.

Concept: The UN observes 22 May as the International Day for Biological Diversity – the date the text of the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted (Nairobi, 1992).

1. 22 April = Earth Day.
2. 5 June = World Environment Day.

Short trick: 22 May = Bio-diversity; 22 April = Earth.

Concept: 'Fourth World' denotes the poorest, least developed countries (and marginalised peoples) – below the 'Third World' of developing nations.

1. First World – developed capitalist countries; Second World – former socialist bloc; Third World – developing countries.

Short trick: 1-2-3-4: richer to poorer; 4th = least developed.

Concept: Mistral is a cold, dry northerly wind that funnels down the Rhone valley (France) to the Mediterranean.

1. Chinook – warm dry wind on the eastern Rockies.
2. Bora – cold wind on the Adriatic coast.
3. Blizzard – snow-laden storm wind of polar regions/North America.

Short trick: Rhone → Mistral (both France).

Concept: The Western Ghats (with Sri Lanka) is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, very rich in endemic species.

1. India's four hotspots: Himalaya, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats–Sri Lanka, Sundaland (Nicobar).
2. Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and drier; Thar is arid.

Short trick: Highest rain + oldest forests on the west → Western Ghats.