UPHESC Assistant Professor Animal Husbandry & Dairying 2025 PYQs

Concept: Match each wetland to its actual state.

1. Sakhya Sagar (Shivpuri) – Madhya Pradesh (2022) ✔.
2. Sirpur Wetland (Indore) – Madhya Pradesh, not Tripura ✘.
3. Pala Wetland (Saiha) – Mizoram, not Meghalaya ✘.
4. Sur Sarovar / Keetham Lake (Agra) – Uttar Pradesh (2020) ✔ → 1 and 4.

Short trick: Indore has two Ramsar sites – Sirpur and Yashwant Sagar; Mizoram's only one is Pala.

Concept: The Aihole inscription (634 CE) of Chalukya king Pulakeshin II was composed by the Jain poet Ravikirti.

1. In it Ravikirti claims to have attained the fame of Kalidasa and Bharavi – the earliest dated mention of both poets.
2. Prayag Prashasti (Harishena) praises Samudragupta; Bhitari pillar is of Skandagupta; Ayodhya inscription is of Dhanadeva (Shunga).

Short trick: Aihole → Ravikirti → "Kalidasa-Bharavi"; also records Pulakeshin II defeating Harsha.

Concept: During the Zulu (Bambatha) Rebellion of 1906 in Natal, Gandhi raised an Indian Stretcher-Bearer Corps.

1. For the duration of service he was given the temporary rank of Sergeant Major (his autobiography, Part IV).
2. He and his men mostly nursed wounded Zulus, an experience that pushed him towards brahmacharya and Satyagraha.
3. In the Boer War (1899) he had led the Indian Ambulance Corps.

Short trick: Boer War 1899 – Ambulance Corps; Zulu Revolt 1906 – Sergeant Major.

Concept: Babur wrote his memoirs, Tuzuk-i-Baburi (Baburnama), in his mother tongue Chagatai Turkish.

1. It was translated into Persian by Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan in 1589 at Akbar's order.
2. English translations: Leyden & Erskine (1826), A. S. Beveridge (1922).

Short trick: Babur – Turki original; Rahim – Persian translation.

Concept: Public Interest Litigation originated in the USA in the 1960s (civil-rights and legal-aid movements), where it was used to represent unrepresented interests.

1. In India it was developed in the late 1970s–80s by Justices P. N. Bhagwati and V. R. Krishna Iyer by relaxing locus standi.
2. Landmark Indian cases: Hussainara Khatoon (1979), S. P. Gupta (1981).

Short trick: PIL – born in the USA, popularised in India by Bhagwati & Krishna Iyer.

Concept: The Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 9 December 1946 in the Constitution Hall (Central Hall), New Delhi.

1. Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha was the temporary (oldest) President; Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected President on 11 December 1946.
2. Objectives Resolution moved by Nehru on 13 December 1946; Constitution adopted on 26 November 1949.

Short trick: 9-12-1946 first sitting → 26-11-1949 adoption → 26-1-1950 commencement.

Concept: Article 326: elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies shall be on the basis of adult suffrage.

1. Voting age reduced from 21 to 18 years by the 61st Amendment Act, 1988.
2. Art. 324 – Election Commission; Art. 325 – single general electoral roll, no exclusion on religion, race, caste or sex; Art. 327 – Parliament's power to make election laws.

Short trick: 324 Commission, 325 one roll, 326 adult vote, 327 Parliament's law.

Concept: As per FAO world production statistics available when the paper was set, China was the largest producer of rice (paddy) and India the second.

1. India is, however, the largest exporter of rice (about 40% of world trade).
2. Note for later readers: USDA estimates for 2024-25 placed India's milled-rice output (~150 Mt) above China's (~145 Mt), so later sources call India No. 1.

Short trick: Rice: China 1st producer (FAO), India 2nd producer but No. 1 exporter.

Concept: The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme (2020–21) gives incentives on incremental sales of goods made in India in 14 key sectors.

1. Sectors include large-scale electronics/mobile manufacturing, automobiles & auto components, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, telecom, food processing, textiles, solar modules, ACC batteries, specialty steel, drones, white goods, IT hardware.
2. All three given sectors are covered, so "None of the above".

Short trick: PLI started with mobiles, medical devices and pharma (2020), then expanded to 14 sectors.

Concept: Post-1947 land reforms aimed at social justice and higher productivity by giving land to the tiller.

1. Measures: abolition of zamindari/intermediaries, tenancy reforms, land ceiling and redistribution of surplus land to the landless, consolidation of holdings.
2. Real estate, agro-industries or privatisation were never the primary aim.

Short trick: "Land to the tiller" – abolish zamindari, fix ceiling, redistribute surplus.

Concept: Bhadawari (Agra–Etawah region of UP and Bhind–Morena of MP) is famous for the highest milk fat among Indian buffaloes, about 6–12.5% (average ~8%).

1. Murrah gives the highest milk yield, but its fat is ~7%.
2. Mehsana and Surti have fat around 7–8%, less than Bhadawari.
3. Bhadawari milk is therefore preferred for ghee making.

Short trick: Bhadawari = 'Butter-fat buffalo' (B for B); Murrah = 'More milk'.

Concept: The Key Village Scheme, started in 1952 (First Five-Year Plan), was India's first systematic, all-India programme for cattle improvement.

1. It combined artificial insemination, castration of scrub bulls, disease control and fodder development in compact village blocks.
2. ICDP came later (1964–65); NLM started in 2014–15 and Rashtriya Gokul Mission in December 2014.

Short trick: Order: KVS 1952 → ICDP 1964 → Operation Flood 1970 → RGM/NLM 2014.

Concept: As per FAOSTAT 2019, India ranked 3rd in the world in egg production, after China and the USA.

1. China is first by a wide margin, the USA second.
2. India produced about 114 billion eggs in 2019–20 (BAHS).
3. In broiler meat India ranked lower (about 5th–6th).

Short trick: Eggs: China – USA – India (C-U-I).

Concept: The Landrace is the native bacon-type pig of Denmark (Danish Landrace), long-bodied with 16–17 pairs of ribs and drooping ears.

1. Tamworth – England (Staffordshire), red bacon breed.
2. Yorkshire / Large White Yorkshire – England (Yorkshire county).
3. So only Landrace is Danish.

Short trick: Landrace = Danish bacon; Yorkshire & Tamworth = English.

Concept: On the recommendation of the Royal Commission on Agriculture (chaired by Lord Linlithgow, 1928), Sir Arthur Olver was appointed in 1929–30 as the first Animal Husbandry Expert to the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research.

1. Lord Linlithgow headed the Royal Commission, he was not the expert.
2. Dr. J.A. Voelcker reported on Indian agriculture in 1889–93.
3. Dr. Norman C. Wright surveyed the Indian dairy industry in 1937.

Short trick: Voelcker 1893 → Linlithgow Commission 1928 → Olver 1930 → Wright 1937.

Concept: The 1972 livestock census counted about 138.5 million poultry (fowls + ducks); standard animal-husbandry texts give the duck share of this as roughly 11 million, the rest being fowls.

1. For comparison, the 1977 census recorded about 10.1 million ducks out of 160.9 million poultry, so the duck flock in the 1970s was of the order of 10–11 million.
2. Two or six million is far too low; of the printed figures, eleven million is the one given for 1972.
3. Ducks are reared mainly in the eastern and southern coastal states (West Bengal, Assam, Odisha, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu).

Short trick: 1970s India: ducks ≈ 10–11 million (1972 ≈ 11 million).

Concept: A mutation is a sudden, discrete, heritable change in the genetic material (genotype) – the ultimate source of new variation.

1. Replication is copying of DNA, not a change.
2. Heredity is transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
3. Sex reversal is a change of phenotypic sex, not necessarily a heritable genotype change.

Short trick: Sudden + heritable change = Mutation (Hugo de Vries).

Concept: Narrow-sense heritability $h^2=V_A/V_P$ – the ratio of additive genetic variance to phenotypic variance. Broad sense $H^2=V_G/V_P$.

1. The printed options are Vo/Vp, Vc/Vp, Vp/Vp and Vi/Vp – none of them is $V_A/V_P$ (or even $V_G/V_P$).
2. $V_P/V_P=1$ always; $V_I$ is interaction (epistatic) variance and $V_C$ is common-environment variance.
3. So, as printed, no option is correct and the question is treated as a bonus.

Short trick: Narrow = Additive only: $h^2=V_A/V_P$.

Concept: Response to selection $R=h^{2}S$ depends on narrow-sense heritability, i.e. on additive gene action, which is passed faithfully from parent to offspring.

1. Dominance and epistatic effects are created by particular gene combinations and break up in each generation, so they are not fixed by selection.
2. Traits with high additive variance (e.g. growth, fat %) respond well to selection; non-additive traits are improved by crossbreeding (heterosis).

Short trick: Additive → Selection; Non-additive → Crossbreeding.

Concept: In grading-up, each generation of females is mated to a purebred sire, so the improver's inheritance becomes $1-(1/2{)}^n$.

1. F1: 50%
2. F2: 75%
3. F3: $1-1/8=87.5\mathrm{\%}$ (F4 = 93.75%, F5 = 96.9%).
4. After 5 generations the grade is accepted as almost purebred.

Short trick: Each generation halves the remaining native blood: 50 → 75 → 87.5.