UPHESC Assistant Professor Military Science 2025 PYQs

Concept: In July 2011, at Chennai, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton urged India "not just to look east, but to engage east and act east".

1. The phrase was later adopted by the Modi government when it renamed Look East as Act East (2014).
2. Sushma Swaraj (2014) only told Indian missions to "Act East" – the original "engage east and act east" line is Clinton's.

Short trick: Chennai 2011 speech – Hillary Clinton.

Concept: These are India's National Security Advisers in order of tenure.

1. Brajesh Mishra – 1998–2004 (first NSA).
2. J.N. Dixit – 2004–2005.
3. M.K. Narayanan – 2005–2010.
4. Shivshankar Menon – 2010–2014; then Ajit Doval (2014– ). Order: I, II, IV, III.

Short trick: Mishra → Dixit → Narayanan → Menon → Doval.

Concept: PM Narendra Modi formally announced the Act East Policy at the ASEAN–India and East Asia Summits in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, in November 2014.

1. It upgraded the Look East Policy (1991, P.V. Narasimha Rao).
2. Its focus is the 4 Cs: Culture, Commerce, Connectivity, Capacity building.

Short trick: Look East 1991 → Act East 2014.

Concept: Arrange by year of signing.

1. Partial Test Ban Treaty – 1963.
2. Outer Space Treaty – 1967.
3. NPT – 1968 (in force 1970).
4. Sea-Bed Treaty – 1971. Order: II, III, IV, I.

Short trick: 63-67-68-71: PTBT, OST, NPT, Sea-Bed.

Concept: Su-30MKI: twin-engine (AL-31FP thrust-vectoring), two-seat, multirole air-superiority fighter, licence-built by HAL.

1. a – correct.
2. b – correct: about 8,000 kg of external weapons on 12 hardpoints (incl. BrahMos-A).
3. Top speed is about Mach 2 (~2,100 km/h) – so statement d (2,000 km/h) is the accepted figure, c (2,500 km/h) is wrong; c and d cannot both be true.

Short trick: Su-30MKI ≈ Mach 2 ≈ 2,000 km/h, 8 t payload.

Concept: Pollution sources are point (a definite outlet, e.g. factory pipe) or non-point (diffuse, e.g. farm run-off, urban run-off).

1. (R) is true: non-point pollution has no fixed origin, so laws cannot easily control it.
2. (A) is false as a general statement: because much water pollution is non-point, it cannot "easily" be stopped at source by laws alone.

Short trick: Non-point sources defeat "easy" control → (A) false, (R) true.

Concept: Disasters are broadly classified by origin into natural and man-made (anthropogenic).

1. Natural: earthquake, flood, cyclone, drought, landslide, tsunami.
2. Man-made: industrial/chemical accidents (Bhopal 1984), nuclear accidents, fires, terrorism, war.

Short trick: Two basic types: nature-made and man-made.

Concept: Chapter VII of the UN Charter deals with action with respect to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace and acts of aggression.

1. Art. 39 – Security Council determines a threat; Art. 41 – non-military measures (sanctions).
2. Art. 42 – if these are inadequate, the Council may take action by air, sea or land forces to maintain or restore international peace and security.

Short trick: Art. 41 = sanctions, Art. 42 = force, Art. 51 = self-defence.

Concept: Match each agreement with its year.

1. Montreal Protocol (ozone layer) – 1987 → IV.
2. Lusaka Agreement (cooperation against illegal wildlife trade) – 1994 → III.
3. Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro – 1992 → I.
4. Kyoto Protocol (greenhouse gases) – 1997 → II.

Short trick: Ozone 87, Rio 92, Lusaka 94, Kyoto 97.

Concept: During the June 2013 Kedarnath/Uttarakhand floods, the IAF ran Operation Rahat – one of the largest helicopter rescue operations in the world.

1. The Army's operation was Operation Surya Hope (Central Command).
2. Operation Madad – Navy (Kerala floods 2018); Operation Ganga – evacuation from Ukraine (2022).

Short trick: Uttarakhand 2013: IAF = Rahat, Army = Surya Hope.

Concept: Primary effects of an earthquake are caused directly by the fault movement and seismic waves; secondary effects are triggered by them.

1. Primary: seismic waves, ground shaking, surface (fault) rupture.
2. Secondary: tsunami, landslides, liquefaction, fires, flooding from dam failure, disease.

Short trick: Tsunami comes after the quake – secondary.

Concept: US President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivered the "Atoms for Peace" speech at the UN General Assembly on 8 December 1953.

1. He proposed sharing nuclear technology for peaceful uses under international control.
2. This led to the creation of the IAEA in 1957.

Short trick: Atoms for Peace (1953) → IAEA (1957), Eisenhower.

Concept: Peace research (Kenneth Boulding, Anatol Rapoport, Johan Galtung) emerged in the 1950s–60s as the scientific study of the causes of war and the conditions of peace.

1. (R) true: it arose from applying social-science theory and methods to problems of war and peace (Journal of Conflict Resolution 1957, PRIO 1959).
2. (A) true: applying that theory, it studies how conflict turns into violence and the link between violence (direct, structural) and conflict (Galtung's conflict–violence–peace triangle).
3. Because it is a social science of war and peace, it seeks this connection – (R) explains (A).

Short trick: Social science of war → studies how conflict becomes violence.

Concept: DDR = Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of ex-combatants – a core post-conflict peacebuilding task of UN missions.

1. Disarmament – collection of weapons; Demobilization – discharge from armed groups; Reintegration – return to civilian life and livelihood.

Short trick: DDR: take the gun, disband the unit, rebuild the life.

Concept: Match each missile system with its country.

1. Khordad-15 – Iranian surface-to-air missile system (2019) → a-III.
2. David's Sling – Israeli medium-range air defence (Rafael/Raytheon) → b-I.
3. FOG-MPM – Brazilian fibre-optic guided multipurpose missile (Avibras) → c-II.
4. Mathogo – Argentine wire-guided anti-tank missile (CITEFA) → d-IV.

Short trick: Khordad (Persian month) = Iran; David = Israel.

Concept: New START was signed by Barack Obama and Dmitry Medvedev at Prague on 8 April 2010.

1. It entered into force on 5 February 2011 (distractor A).
2. Limits: 1,550 deployed strategic warheads, 700 deployed launchers; extended to Feb 2026; Russia suspended participation in 2023.

Short trick: Signed Prague 8-4-2010; in force 5-2-2011.

Concept: The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) regulates international trade in conventional arms.

1. Adopted by the UN General Assembly on 2 April 2013.
2. Entered into force on 24 December 2014.
3. India has not signed it.

Short trick: ATT: adopted 2013, in force 2014.

Concept: Full title: "Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare".

1. So it bans the use of both chemical (gases) and biological (bacteriological) weapons.
2. It banned use only, not production/stockpiling – later covered by BWC (1972) and CWC (1993).
3. Land mines – Ottawa Treaty 1997.

Short trick: 1925 Geneva = gas + germs (use only).

Concept: On 2 April 1954, PM Jawaharlal Nehru called in the Lok Sabha for a "standstill agreement" on nuclear testing – the first such proposal by any state.

1. India then took it to the UN Disarmament Commission.
2. It paved the way for the Partial Test Ban Treaty (1963).
3. 1978 – Morarji Desai government at UNSSOD-I; 1988 – Rajiv Gandhi Action Plan.

Short trick: Nehru 1954 "standstill" → PTBT 1963.

Concept: Disarmament = reduction or total elimination of weapons; arms control = regulating/limiting weapons and their use to curb the arms race and reduce the risk of war.

1. (A) is wrong: "maintaining control of weapons" describes arms control, not disarmament.
2. (R) is right: arms control (SALT, START, PTBT) restrains the arms race without abolishing weapons.

Short trick: Disarmament = remove; arms control = restrain.