UPHESC Assistant Professor Physical Education 2025 PYQs

Concept: In periodization, the competition period aims to attain and maintain top (peak) form for important competitions.

1. A is true – that is the defined aim of the competition period.
2. R is false – top form is a temporary state; it can be held only for a limited time (a few weeks) and then declines, so a transition period follows.

Short trick: Peak is a peak – it cannot last long.

Concept: Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, ‘father of German gymnastics (Turnen)’, opened the first open-air Turnplatz at Hasenheide, Berlin in 1811.

1. There gymnasts trained with apparatus and resistance/weight exercises for strength – regarded as the start of systematic weight training for gymnasts in Germany.
2. 1816 is the year of Jahn’s book Die Deutsche Turnkunst, not the start of training.

Short trick: Jahn → Hasenheide → 1811.

Concept: Direct (immediate) preparation is the final phase before the main competition, aimed at the season’s best performance in that competition.

1. A is true – this is the stated aim (Hardayal Singh).
2. Build-up competitions are themselves tools of direct preparation; results in them are not the target.
3. R reverses this, claiming direct preparation is meant to perform well in practice matches – not correct.

Short trick: Build-up matches serve the main event, not the other way round.

Concept: Dr. Ernst van Aaken (Waldniel, Germany), physician and athletics coach, advocated long, slow continuous running (the ‘Waldniel endurance method’).

1. Continuous method = long duration, low/moderate intensity work without rest – builds aerobic endurance.
2. Other names given are not associated with this method.

Short trick: Van Aaken → Aerobic, long and slow.

Concept: Kabaddi rules: a team has 7 players on court and up to 5 reserves.

1. A is true – up to five substitutions can be made at a time, during time-out/interval, with the referee’s permission.
2. R is true – a substituted player can come back (re-substitution is allowed).
3. R is a separate rule; it does not explain why five substitutes are allowed.

Short trick: Two true rules, unrelated → (B).

Concept: Progressive overload (DeLorme): the training stress on muscles is increased gradually as they adapt and grow stronger.

1. Without increasing load, adaptation stops (plateau).
2. Volume and intensity are usually NOT raised together sharply – that risks overtraining.
3. It is about load on muscle, not the nervous system or speed training alone.

Short trick: Stronger muscle → slightly heavier load, step by step.

Concept: In the Nelson hand reaction test a falling stick (Nelson reaction timer) is caught; reaction time is computed from the distance it falls, using free-fall $d=\frac{1}{2}g{t}^2\Rightarrow t=\sqrt{2d/g}$ with $g=32$ ft/s².

1. The formula uses distance of a falling stick – a mechanical (not electronic) test.
2. Electronic tests read the time directly from a timer, so no formula is needed.

Short trick: Falling stick + free-fall formula = Nelson.

Concept: Each term belongs to a part of the sports training system (Hardayal Singh).

1. High performance → the final training stage of long-term training (III).
2. Organization of competition → competition system (IV).
3. Screening of children → talent identification (II).
4. Motor solution of a competition task → tactical action (I).

Short trick: Screening = talent hunt; solving a match problem = tactics.

Concept: Empirical (statistical/criterion) validity is established by experience/data – correlating test scores with a criterion.

1. Logical and face validity are judged by reasoning or appearance, not experience.
2. Construct validity checks whether a test measures a theoretical trait.

Short trick: Empirical = Experience/Experiment.

Concept: A constructed test must satisfy the scientific criteria – validity, reliability and objectivity (plus norms, administrative feasibility).

1. Evaluation is the purpose/process for which tests are used, not a criterion of test construction.
2. So ‘evaluation’ is the odd one.

Short trick: Test criteria = V-R-O (Validity, Reliability, Objectivity).

Concept: Back scratch test (Senior Fitness Test, Rikli & Jones): one hand over the shoulder, the other behind the back – distance between fingers measures shoulder flexibility.

1. Sit and reach – hamstring/lower back flexibility.
2. Trunk lift – trunk extensor strength and flexibility.
3. Kraus-Weber – minimum muscular fitness (strength and flexibility of key postural muscles).

Short trick: Scratch your back → shoulder.

Concept: For motor/athletic performance tests, reliability is usually found by test–retest: the same test given twice and scores correlated.

1. Split-half, rational equivalence (Kuder–Richardson) and parallel forms suit written tests with many items.
2. A skill (e.g. sprint, jump) is a single performance, so repeating it is the natural method.

Short trick: Physical test → repeat it → test-retest.

Concept: Treadmill ergometry is a graded exercise test (e.g. Bruce protocol) used to measure VO₂ max – cardio-respiratory (aerobic) fitness.

1. Speed and gradient are increased step by step while heart rate, ECG and oxygen uptake are recorded.
2. Strength is measured by dynamometers/1RM, flexibility by sit-and-reach etc.

Short trick: Treadmill / cycle ergometer → heart-lung fitness.

Concept: Reliability = consistency of scores; anything that adds random error lowers it.

1. Nature of examinees (heterogeneity, fatigue, practice) – affects.
2. Length of test – longer tests are more reliable (Spearman–Brown).
3. Environmental conditions (weather, surface, noise) and motivation of subjects – both change scores between trials.
4. Hence all four.

Short trick: Subject + Test + Surroundings + Mood → all affect reliability.

Concept: Criteria for selecting a test: scientific authenticity (validity, reliability, objectivity) plus administrative feasibility (ease of administration, time, cost), norms.

1. Subjectivity is the opposite of what is wanted – eliminates (A).
2. Precision is not listed as a separate standard criterion; administration (administrative feasibility) is.
3. So II, III, V, VI.

Short trick: Select a test on V-R-O + easy to Administer.

Concept: Motor educability = the ability to learn new motor skills quickly and well (tested by Iowa-Brace, Metheny-Johnson tests).

1. It rests on neuromuscular coordination (I) and improves with consistent, repeated effort (II).
2. It differs with age (maturation) (III) and with gender (IV) – which is why norms are given separately by age and sex.
3. Hence all four.

Short trick: Learn a skill: nerves + practice + age + sex.

Concept: Match each test/instrument with what it measures.

1. Clevett’s putting test – golf putting skill → II.
2. Kraus-Weber test – minimum muscular fitness (strength and flexibility) → IV.
3. Goniometer – range of motion of a joint → III.
4. Spirometer – lung volumes, vital capacity → I.

Short trick: Gonio = angle; Spiro = breath.

Concept: The Ohio State University (OSU) Step Test was developed by Kurucz, Fox and Mathews (1969) as a sub-maximal cardiovascular test for adult males; its modified form (Cotten) is used for high-school boys (H.S.T.).

1. Subjects step on a split-level bench in innings of 30 s with recovery pulse counts.
2. Skubic & Hodgkins test (1963) was for girls/women; Queens College step test is by McArdle (1972).

Short trick: Kurucz–Fox–Mathews 1969 → Ohio State.

Concept: Each test criterion has a short meaning.

1. Reliability = consistency of results on repetition → III.
2. Objectivity = consistency of results when different testers score → IV.
3. Validity = authenticity, measuring what it claims → II; Norms = standards for comparison → I.

Short trick: Same test twice → reliability; different testers → objectivity.

Concept: Principles of organization include unity of command, clear line of authority, delegation, decentralisation and effective communication.

1. Overlapping of authority creates confusion and conflict – it violates unity of command and clarity of authority.
2. Communication, delegation and decentralisation are themselves principles.

Short trick: Two bosses for one job = bad organization.