UPHESC Assistant Professor Physical Education 2025 PYQs

Concept: Team-building models (Carron & Spink) build the group environment through factors that make members feel a united, fairly-treated group.

1. Social support – members help and encourage each other.
2. Distinctiveness – a separate team identity (uniform, name, slogans).
3. Fairness – equal, just treatment by coach builds trust.
4. Individual excellence focuses on self, not on the team environment.

Short trick: Team = Support + Identity + Fairness (not ‘me first’).

Concept: SWOT = Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats – a strategic-planning tool used in sports management.

1. A is true – the same matrix is also called TOWS (Weihrich’s TOWS matrix arranges it from the external side).
2. R is true – the SWOT idea grew out of the Harvard Business School strategy work of Kenneth Andrews (and colleagues) in the 1960s.
3. Who developed it does not explain why it is also called TOWS.

Short trick: Both facts true, unrelated → (B).

Concept: In a single league (round robin) every team plays every other team once.

1. Number of pairs from n teams $={}^n{C}_2=\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$.
2. Example: 6 teams → $\frac{6\times 5}{2}=15$ matches.
3. $n(n-1)$ is for a double league; $n-1$ is for knock-out.

Short trick: Single league = half of n(n−1).

Concept: Management functions follow POSDCoRB (Gulick): Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting, Budgeting.

1. Planning always comes first.
2. For a sports programme, funds are fixed (budget) right after the plan, then staff are appointed, and then they are directed.
3. Planning → Budgeting → Staffing → Directing = III, I, IV, II.

Short trick: First Plan, then Money, then Men, then Lead.

Concept: Henri Fayol (General and Industrial Management, 1916) gave the first set of 14 general principles of management.

1. Examples: division of work, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, scalar chain, esprit de corps.
2. F. W. Taylor gave scientific management (shop-floor efficiency), not general principles; Drucker gave MBO later.

Short trick: Fayol = Father of general/modern management, 14 principles.

Concept: Skill-teaching sequence in a PE lesson: demonstrate the whole skill, explain it part by part, let pupils practise, supervise and correct, and finally evaluate.

1. Demonstration (II) gives the whole picture first.
2. By-part explanation (III) → practice (IV) → supervision/correction (V) → evaluation (I).

Short trick: Show → Tell → Do → Watch → Judge.

Concept: Physical education aims at all-round development – physical, mental, social, emotional and moral.

1. A is true.
2. R is false: competitive sport also aims at skill excellence, character, sportsmanship, discipline and fitness; it does not emphasise ‘only’ winning (fair play is basic to it).
3. So A true, R false.

Short trick: ‘Only’ in a statement about sport is usually a red flag.

Concept: A field becomes a profession when it has a full-time occupation, specialised education/training, a professional organisation and a code of ethics.

1. Occupation – it must be a means of livelihood.
2. Education – long specialised preparation.
3. Organisation – a professional body that sets standards.
4. Society is whom a profession serves, not a criterion of it.

Short trick: Profession = Job + Training + Association (+ ethics).

Concept: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive disorder due to brain damage (before/during/soon after birth) causing little or no control over muscle movements and posture.

1. Muscular dystrophy – progressive genetic weakness and wasting of muscles.
2. Dystonia – involuntary sustained contractions causing twisting postures.
3. Myopathy – disease of muscle fibres causing weakness.

Short trick: Cerebral = brain; palsy = loss of control.

Concept: Newton’s laws explain how forces act on the body; applying them gives correct technique and prevents injuries.

1. Second law / impulse: increasing the time of impact (bending knees on landing, giving with the ball, soft mats) reduces force – fewer injuries.
2. Third law: correct use of reaction forces avoids faulty, injury-prone technique.
3. Will power and fatigue are psychological/physiological; strength is built by training loads, not by knowing the laws.

Short trick: Land soft, catch with ‘give’ → physics keeps athletes safe.

Concept: Bones are classified by shape.

1. Long bones (femur, humerus) – limbs, i.e. appendicular skeleton → II.
2. Short bones (carpals, tarsals) – compact, confined spaces of wrist and ankle → III.
3. Flat bones (parietal, frontal) – skull → I; Irregular bones – vertebrae → IV.

Short trick: Long-limbs, Short-wrist, Flat-skull, Irregular-spine.

Concept: A 100 m race proceeds: reaction to the gun → acceleration → maximum velocity → (speed maintenance/deceleration).

1. Reaction phase (I) – from gun to first movement out of blocks.
2. Acceleration phase (II) – roughly first 30–50 m.
3. Maximum velocity phase (III) – top speed is reached and held.
4. ‘Speed phase’ duplicates velocity and is not a separate phase, so I, II, III only.

Short trick: React → Accelerate → Top Velocity.

Concept: In a concentric contraction the muscle shortens while producing force (e.g. biceps during the lifting phase of a curl).

1. Eccentric – muscle lengthens under tension (lowering the weight).
2. Isometric = static – tension without change in length (pushing a wall).

Short trick: Concentric = towards the Centre = shortens.

Concept: Axial muscles arise from and act on the axial skeleton; the axial muscles of the spine (erector spinae, splenius, transversospinalis etc.) position the head, neck and vertebral column.

1. Splenius and the upper erector spinae extend/rotate the head and neck.
2. Erector spinae and deep back muscles extend and stabilise the vertebral column.
3. The girdles are positioned by appendicular muscles (trapezius, serratus, gluteals), not by axial spinal muscles.

Short trick: Axial muscles move the axial skeleton – head, neck, spine.

Concept: Gluconeogenesis (‘new glucose formation’) = synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources – amino acids (protein), glycerol (fat), lactate – mainly in the liver.

1. Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
2. Glycogenesis – formation of glycogen from glucose.
3. Lipogenesis – formation of fat.

Short trick: Neo = new: glucose made new from non-sugar.

Concept: The large intestine = caecum (with appendix) → colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid) → rectum → anal canal.

1. It absorbs water and electrolytes and forms faeces.
2. Small intestine = duodenum, jejunum, ileum; villi are its finger-like projections.

Short trick: Colon belongs to the large intestine.

Concept: Pure water is hypotonic to the RBC cytoplasm.

1. By osmosis water moves from low solute (water) to high solute (inside RBC).
2. The cell swells and bursts – haemolysis. So A is true and R is exactly its cause.

Short trick: Hypotonic → water in → cell bursts.

Concept: SAID = Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands: the body adapts specifically to the kind of stress placed on it, so rehabilitation exercises must copy the specific demands (joint angle, speed, energy system) the patient/athlete will face.

1. (B) reads 'Specific adaptation to internal disease' – the last two words are wrong; the principle is about imposed (training) demands, not disease.
2. (A) 'speed and intelligence', (C) 'Strength, Agility, Intensity, Density' and (D) 'Strength, Agility, Individual differences' are not expansions of SAID at all.
3. As printed, no option gives the correct meaning, so the question is treated as a bonus.

Short trick: You get what you train for – Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands.

Concept: The cardiac impulse starts at the pacemaker and spreads down to the ventricles.

1. SA node (pacemaker) → AV node (delay) → Bundle of His → right and left bundle branches → Purkinje fibres.
2. = II, IV, V, I, III.

Short trick: S-A-H-B-P: ‘Sachin And Harbhajan Bowl Perfectly’.

Concept: The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for emergency – ‘fight or flight’ (Cannon).

1. Effects: ↑ heart rate, BP, breathing, blood glucose, pupil dilation; adrenaline release.
2. Parasympathetic does the opposite – ‘rest and digest’.

Short trick: Sympathetic = Stress; Parasympathetic = Peace.