UPHESC Assistant Professor Physical Education 2025 PYQs

Concept: Bones are classified by shape.

1. Long bones (femur, humerus) – limbs, i.e. appendicular skeleton → II.
2. Short bones (carpals, tarsals) – compact, confined spaces of wrist and ankle → III.
3. Flat bones (parietal, frontal) – skull → I; Irregular bones – vertebrae → IV.

Short trick: Long-limbs, Short-wrist, Flat-skull, Irregular-spine.

Concept: A 100 m race proceeds: reaction to the gun → acceleration → maximum velocity → (speed maintenance/deceleration).

1. Reaction phase (I) – from gun to first movement out of blocks.
2. Acceleration phase (II) – roughly first 30–50 m.
3. Maximum velocity phase (III) – top speed is reached and held.
4. ‘Speed phase’ duplicates velocity and is not a separate phase, so I, II, III only.

Short trick: React → Accelerate → Top Velocity.

Concept: In a concentric contraction the muscle shortens while producing force (e.g. biceps during the lifting phase of a curl).

1. Eccentric – muscle lengthens under tension (lowering the weight).
2. Isometric = static – tension without change in length (pushing a wall).

Short trick: Concentric = towards the Centre = shortens.

Concept: Axial muscles arise from and act on the axial skeleton; the axial muscles of the spine (erector spinae, splenius, transversospinalis etc.) position the head, neck and vertebral column.

1. Splenius and the upper erector spinae extend/rotate the head and neck.
2. Erector spinae and deep back muscles extend and stabilise the vertebral column.
3. The girdles are positioned by appendicular muscles (trapezius, serratus, gluteals), not by axial spinal muscles.

Short trick: Axial muscles move the axial skeleton – head, neck, spine.

Concept: Gluconeogenesis (‘new glucose formation’) = synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources – amino acids (protein), glycerol (fat), lactate – mainly in the liver.

1. Glycogenolysis – breakdown of glycogen to glucose.
2. Glycogenesis – formation of glycogen from glucose.
3. Lipogenesis – formation of fat.

Short trick: Neo = new: glucose made new from non-sugar.

Concept: The large intestine = caecum (with appendix) → colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid) → rectum → anal canal.

1. It absorbs water and electrolytes and forms faeces.
2. Small intestine = duodenum, jejunum, ileum; villi are its finger-like projections.

Short trick: Colon belongs to the large intestine.

Concept: Pure water is hypotonic to the RBC cytoplasm.

1. By osmosis water moves from low solute (water) to high solute (inside RBC).
2. The cell swells and bursts – haemolysis. So A is true and R is exactly its cause.

Short trick: Hypotonic → water in → cell bursts.

Concept: SAID = Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands: the body adapts specifically to the kind of stress placed on it, so rehabilitation exercises must copy the specific demands (joint angle, speed, energy system) the patient/athlete will face.

1. (B) reads 'Specific adaptation to internal disease' – the last two words are wrong; the principle is about imposed (training) demands, not disease.
2. (A) 'speed and intelligence', (C) 'Strength, Agility, Intensity, Density' and (D) 'Strength, Agility, Individual differences' are not expansions of SAID at all.
3. As printed, no option gives the correct meaning, so the question is treated as a bonus.

Short trick: You get what you train for – Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands.

Concept: The cardiac impulse starts at the pacemaker and spreads down to the ventricles.

1. SA node (pacemaker) → AV node (delay) → Bundle of His → right and left bundle branches → Purkinje fibres.
2. = II, IV, V, I, III.

Short trick: S-A-H-B-P: ‘Sachin And Harbhajan Bowl Perfectly’.

Concept: The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for emergency – ‘fight or flight’ (Cannon).

1. Effects: ↑ heart rate, BP, breathing, blood glucose, pupil dilation; adrenaline release.
2. Parasympathetic does the opposite – ‘rest and digest’.

Short trick: Sympathetic = Stress; Parasympathetic = Peace.

Concept: High arousal/anxiety produces somatic signs and impairs thinking.

1. Sweaty palms, frequent urination, fast breathing and heart rate are typical somatic signs.
2. Cognitively, anxiety causes worry, poor concentration and narrowed attention – functioning deteriorates, not improves.

Short trick: Anxiety disturbs the mind – it never sharpens it.

Concept: Standard sport-psychology inventories.

1. LSS – Leadership Scale for Sports (Chelladurai & Saleh) → leadership.
2. POMS – Profile of Mood States (McNair) → personality/mood profile (‘iceberg profile’ of athletes).
3. GEQ – Group Environment Questionnaire (Carron) → group cohesion.
4. SCAT – Sport Competition Anxiety Test (Martens) → anxiety.

Short trick: Read the initials: L-Leadership, G-Group, A in SCAT-Anxiety.

Concept: Instrumental aggression: harm is a means (instrument) to reach a non-aggressive goal such as winning.

1. Hostile (reactive) aggression – the primary goal is to hurt the opponent, usually with anger.
2. Assertive behaviour – forceful but legitimate play, no intent to harm.

Short trick: Harm as a tool to win = Instrumental.

Concept: Psychology’s subject matter changed over time: soul → mind → consciousness → behaviour.

1. First of all, psychology (psyche + logos) was the science of soul → III.
2. In modern times (Watson, Woodworth) it is the science of behaviour → IV.
3. Aristotle treated psyche as the mind (faculties of thinking, perceiving) → science of mind → II; consciousness is then left for the Greek-philosopher entry → I.
4. Options A and B both fix a-III, b-IV; only (B) gives c-II, d-I.

Short trick: Soul → Mind → Consciousness → Behaviour (Woodworth: ‘psychology first lost its soul, then its mind, then consciousness’).

Concept: Hippocrates’ humoral theory, elaborated by Galen, gives four temperaments based on four body fluids.

1. Sanguine (blood) – cheerful; Choleric (yellow bile) – irritable.
2. Melancholic (black bile) – sad; Phlegmatic (phlegm) – calm, sluggish.

Short trick: 4 humours → 4 temperaments: S-C-M-P.

Concept: The F-test (named after R. A. Fisher) compares two variances: $F=\frac{s_1^2}{s_2^2}$ – hence ‘variance ratio test’.

1. It is the basis of ANOVA.
2. t and Z tests compare means; chi-square tests frequencies/association.

Short trick: F = Fisher = ratio of variances.

Concept: Kerlinger: “Scientific research is a systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena.”

1. Key words of the definition: systematic, controlled, empirical, critical, investigation.
2. ‘Ethical’ is a requirement of research conduct, not part of this definition.

Short trick: Kerlinger: S-C-E-C Investigation.

Concept: Lincoln & Guba (1985) list the four traditional (conventional) criteria for judging quantitative research: internal validity, external validity, reliability and objectivity. For qualitative research they replaced them with credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability.

1. So the traditional criteria are all four – a, b, c and d; no option offers all four (each says ‘only’).
2. Also, the English version says ‘qualitative’ while the Hindi says ‘मात्रात्मक’ (quantitative); for qualitative research the traditional four are not used at all.
3. As printed, no option is correct, so the question is treated as a bonus.

Short trick: Quantitative: IV-EV-R-O; Qualitative: Credibility-Transferability-Dependability-Confirmability.

Concept: Type I (α) = rejecting a true H₀; Type II (β) = accepting (failing to reject) a false H₀.

1. A is the correct definition of Type II error.
2. R is false: these are sampling-based decision errors arising from chance variation, small samples, low power or a strict α – not from ‘wrong interpretation of data’.

Short trick: Type II = ‘missed the real effect’ – a chance/power problem.

Concept: Sampling is probability (every unit has a known chance) or non-probability (researcher’s judgement).

1. Cluster, simple random and stratified random are probability methods.
2. Purposive (judgement) sampling is non-probability – the odd one out.

Short trick: Purpose = researcher’s choice = non-probability.