Q&A: practice questions with answers

Concept: Cut (Ctrl + X) removes the selected text and places it on the Clipboard, a temporary area of memory (RAM).

1. Paste (Ctrl + V) copies it from the Clipboard to the new location.
2. The Recycle Bin stores deleted files, not cut text; the Office Clipboard can hold up to 24 items.

Yaad rakhein: Cut / Copy → Clipboard → Paste.

Answer: (B) To the Clipboard

Concept: "Behind Text" and "In Front of Text" take the image out of the text flow so it floats on its own layer.

1. The picture can then be dragged and placed anywhere on the page; text does not reflow around it.
2. Square, Tight and Through wrap text around the image, so positioning still depends on the text flow.

Yaad rakhein: Wrap = Square/Tight/Through; Float freely = Behind / In Front of Text.

Answer: (C) Behind Text or In Front of Text

Concept: The Northern Plains are formed by the alluvial deposits of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems.

1. They stretch from the Indus plains in the west to the Brahmaputra valley in the east.
2. Their length is about 2,400 km and width varies from about 240 km to 320 km.

Yaad rakhein: Northern Plains: about 2,400 km long, 240–320 km wide, area about 7 lakh sq km.

Answer: (B) 2,400 km

Concept: The Board of Control was created by Pitt's India Act, 1784 to supervise the East India Company.

1. Henry Dundas was the President of the Board of Control from 1793 to 1801.
2. The Charter Act of 1793 renewed the Company's charter for 20 years during his presidency.

Yaad rakhein: Charter renewal 1793 → Henry Dundas; Pitt's India Act 1784 → Board of Control created.

Answer: (B) Henry Dundas

Concept: The periodic law states that properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

1. The periodic law revealed important analogies among the 94 naturally occurring elements (neptunium, plutonium etc. occur in traces in nature).
2. It also stimulated interest in synthesising new (artificial) elements.

Yaad rakhein: Naturally occurring elements = 94 (up to plutonium, $Z=94$).

Answer: (D) 94

Concept: Girish Karnad (1938–2019) was a playwright, actor and director.

1. He wrote mainly in Kannada – plays like Yayati, Tughlaq, Hayavadana, Naga-Mandala.
2. He received the Jnanpith Award (1998) for his contribution to Kannada literature.

Yaad rakhein: Karnad – Karnataka – Kannada.

Answer: (D) Kannada

Concept: Greater one-horned rhinos were reintroduced in Dudhwa (Uttar Pradesh) in 1984 under a rhino rehabilitation programme.

1. A 2025 count by the UP forest department and WWF-India found their number in Dudhwa Tiger Reserve rose from 46 (2023) to 51 (2025).
2. Panna, Kanha and Similipal are tiger reserves without rhino populations.

Yaad rakhein: Rhinos in UP → Dudhwa; rhinos in Assam → Kaziranga.

Answer: (A) Dudhwa National Park

Concept: KHANJAR is a joint special-forces exercise between India and Kyrgyzstan.

1. The 12th edition (March 2025) was held at Tokmok, Kyrgyzstan – not in Ladakh, so statement 1 is wrong.
2. It focused on counter-terrorism and special-forces operations in urban and mountainous terrain (statement 2 ✓).
3. Indian Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) and Kyrgyz Scorpion Brigade took part (statement 3 ✓).

Yaad rakhein: KHANJAR = India–Kyrgyzstan; editions alternate between the two countries.

Answer: (B) Only 2 and 3

Concept: The Satpura Range lies in Madhya Pradesh–Maharashtra between the Narmada and Tapi rivers.

1. Its highest peak is Dhupgarh (about 1,350 m) near Pachmarhi.
2. Parasnath – Jharkhand; Anai Mudi – Western Ghats (Kerala); Mount Abu (Guru Shikhar) – Aravalli.

Yaad rakhein: Satpura → Dhupgarh (Pachmarhi); Aravalli → Guru Shikhar; Vindhya → Sadbhawna Shikhar.

Answer: (B) Dhupgarh

Concept: NVS-02 is the second satellite of ISRO's NavIC (NVS) series.

1. It was launched by GSLV-F15 on 29 January 2025 – ISRO's 100th launch from Sriharikota.
2. It strengthens NavIC, India's regional navigation satellite system for accurate positioning.

Yaad rakhein: NVS = Navigation; NavIC = Navigation with Indian Constellation.

Answer: (D) It will enhance India's regional navigation capabilities.

Concept: Forest type in India depends mainly on the amount of rainfall.

1. Tropical deciduous (monsoon) forests – 70 to 200 cm rainfall; most widespread forests of India (teak, sal).
2. Tropical evergreen – above 200 cm; thorn forests – below 70 cm; alpine – high altitude.

Yaad rakhein: Above 200 → evergreen; 70–200 → deciduous; below 70 → thorn.

Answer: (A) Tropical deciduous forests

Concept: Koshland's induced-fit model (1958) modified the rigid lock-and-key model.

1. When the substrate binds, the enzyme's active site changes shape (conformational change) to fit it more closely.
2. This positions catalytic groups correctly and speeds up the reaction; the enzyme returns to its original form afterwards (so B is wrong).

Yaad rakhein: Lock-and-key = rigid site (Fischer); induced fit = flexible site (Koshland).

Answer: (A) induces a conformational change that optimises the active site for catalysis

Concept: All these schemes are run for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

1. MUDRA gives collateral-free loans to micro units; ECLGS gave guaranteed credit to MSMEs during COVID-19.
2. SFURTI develops traditional-industry clusters; RAMP (Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance) is World Bank-assisted; Udyami Bharat is the MSME ministry's umbrella initiative.

Yaad rakhein: RAMP literally contains 'MSME' – a quick giveaway.

Answer: (B) Micro, small, medium enterprises

Concept: A new slide is inserted from the Home tab (or Insert tab) using the New Slide button.

1. Home → New Slide (shortcut Ctrl + M) adds a slide after the current one.
2. Ctrl + N opens a new presentation; Alt + F4 closes the program; Copy only copies a slide.

Yaad rakhein: PowerPoint: Ctrl + M = new slide; Ctrl + N = new presentation.

Answer: (C) Go to the Home tab → Click New Slide

Concept: British education policy aimed to serve colonial interests.

1. Macaulay's Minute (1835) sought 'a class of persons Indian in blood and colour, but English in taste' to act as interpreters between rulers and ruled.
2. It produced cheap English-knowing clerks for administration and spread loyalty to British rule – i.e., it strengthened colonial rule.

Yaad rakhein: Macaulay's Minute 1835 + Wood's Despatch 1854 → education to serve the Raj.

Answer: (C) strengthen colonial rule

Concept: The OECD Global Debt Report 2025 tracks sovereign and corporate borrowing.

1. It projects sovereign bond issuance in OECD countries to reach a record USD 17 trillion in 2025 (up from about USD 16 trillion in 2024).
2. Rising interest costs and refinancing needs are cited as key concerns.

Yaad rakhein: OECD Global Debt Report 2025 → USD 17 trillion sovereign borrowing.

Answer: (D) $17 trillion

Concept: Municipalities are urban local bodies under Part IXA of the Constitution (74th Amendment, 1992).

1. Article 243Q: a Municipal Council is constituted for a smaller urban area (a small city or town).
2. Elections are a function of the ECI/State Election Commission, defence and major ports are Union subjects.

Yaad rakhein: Nagar Panchayat – transitional area; Municipal Council – smaller urban area; Municipal Corporation – larger urban area.

Answer: (D) Administration of small cities or towns

Concept: The Ganga is formed by the confluence of two headstreams in Uttarakhand.

1. Bhagirathi (from Gangotri/Gaumukh) and Alaknanda meet at Devprayag – from here the river is called the Ganga.
2. Rudraprayag: Alaknanda + Mandakini; Rishikesh and Haridwar lie downstream.

Yaad rakhein: Panch Prayag order on Alaknanda: Vishnuprayag → Nandprayag → Karnaprayag → Rudraprayag → Devprayag.

Answer: (C) Devprayag

Concept: The Maski Minor Rock Edict is in Raichur district, Karnataka.

1. It was discovered by C. Beadon, a British gold-mining engineer, in 1915.
2. It is the first edict that names the emperor as 'Ashoka' (Devanampiya Ashoka) – earlier edicts used only 'Devanampiya Piyadasi'.

Yaad rakhein: Maski – Beadon – 1915 – first to name Ashoka. James Prinsep deciphered Brahmi (1837).

Answer: (B) C Beadon

Concept: Different poverty measures capture different aspects.

1. Poverty Gap Index measures how far, on average, the poor fall below the poverty line – i.e. the depth of poverty.
2. Headcount Ratio only counts the share of people below the line; Gini Coefficient measures inequality; Dependency Ratio is demographic.

Yaad rakhein: Headcount = how many poor; Poverty Gap = how poor; Squared gap = severity.

Answer: (A) Poverty Gap Index