Q&A: practice questions with answers

Concept: Weighted average $=\frac{\sum (\text{score}\times \text{weight})}{\sum \text{weights}}$.

1. $75\times 2+80\times 3+90\times 5=150+240+450=840$
2. Total weight $=2+3+5=10$
3. Weighted average $=\frac{840}{10}=84$

Trick: Take 80 as base: deviations $-5\times 2+0\times 3+10\times 5=40$; $40÷10=4$, so $80+4=84$.

Answer: (D) 84

Concept: A number leaving the same remainder $r$ on division by several numbers is of the form $k\times \text{LCM}+r$.

1. LCM$(7,6,10)=210$
2. Largest 4-digit multiple of 210: $9999÷210=47$ rem $129$, so $9999-129=9870$
3. Required number $=9870+5=9875$

Trick: Check options: $9875-5=9870=210\times 47$ – only this one works.

Answer: (B) 9875

Concept: Amount $A=P{(1+\frac{R}{100})}^T$.

1. $A=4000\times {\left(\frac{11}{10}\right)}^2=4000\times \frac{121}{100}$
2. $A=40\times 121=4840$

Trick: 10% for 2 years = effective $21\%$; $4000+840=4840$.

Answer: (D) ₹4840

Concept: Work per hour of each tap is $\frac{1}{\text{time}}$; an emptying tap is negative.

1. Net part filled per hour $=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{11}-\frac{1}{11}=\frac{1}{4}$
2. The second tap and the emptying tap cancel each other exactly.
3. Full cistern in 4 h, so one-fourth in $4\times \frac{1}{4}=1$ hour.

Trick: Equal fill and empty times (11 h each) cancel – only the 4-hour tap matters.

Answer: (C) 1

Concept: Three successive discounts of $d\%$ leave ${(1-\frac{d}{100})}^3$ of the price.

1. Remaining fraction $=0.9\times 0.9\times 0.9=0.729$
2. Price paid $=72.9\%$
3. Single equivalent discount $=100-72.9=27.1\%$

Trick: Two 10% discounts $=19\%$; then $19+10-\frac{19\times 10}{100}=27.1\%$.

Answer: (C) $27.1\%$

Concept: $9^{x-1}=\frac{9^x}{9}$; take $9^x$ common.

1. $9^x-\frac{9^x}{9}=72\Rightarrow 9^x·\frac{8}{9}=72$
2. $9^x=81=9^2\Rightarrow x=2$
3. $\frac{2x-1}{2x+3}=\frac{4-1}{4+3}=\frac{3}{7}$

Trick: $a^n-a^{n-1}=a^{n-1}(a-1)$; here $9^{x-1}\times 8=72\Rightarrow 9^{x-1}=9$, so $x=2$ at once.

Answer: (D) $\frac{3}{7}$

Concept: Opposite directions: relative speed $=$ sum; same direction: difference. Distance to cross $=$ sum of lengths.

1. Total length $=200+300=500$ m; crossing in 15 s $\Rightarrow$ relative speed $=\frac{500}{15}=\frac{100}{3}$ m/s $=120$ km/h
2. Speed of Y $=120-72=48$ km/h
3. Same direction: relative speed $=72-48=24$ km/h $=\frac{20}{3}$ m/s
4. Time $=500÷\frac{20}{3}=75$ s

Trick: Relative speeds are $120$ and $24$ (ratio $5:1$), so time becomes $15\times 5=75$ s.

Answer: (A) 75 seconds

Concept: Form a linear equation from the given relation.

1. Let the younger be $x$; the other $=2x-4$
2. $x+2x-4=44\Rightarrow 3x=48\Rightarrow x=16$
3. Ages 16 and 28; difference $=12$ years

Trick: Difference $=(2x-4)-x=x-4$; with $x=16$ it is 12.

Answer: (C) 12 years

Concept: Apply each change on the latest price: $-25\%$ then $+20\%$.

1. After 25% discount: $4000\times \frac{3}{4}=3000$
2. After 20% increase: $3000\times \frac{6}{5}=3600$

Trick: Net change $=-25+20-\frac{25\times 20}{100}=-10\%$; $4000\times 0.9=3600$.

Answer: (B) ₹3,600

Concept: Order: bar (vinculum) → ( ) → { } → [ ].

1. Bar: $2.2-1.8=0.4$; so $(3.2-0.4)=2.8$
2. $\{3.3-2.8\}=0.5$
3. $[6.5-0.5]=6$
4. $10.5-6=4.5$

Trick: Solve the bar first – treating $3.2-2.2-1.8$ left to right gives a wrong value.

Answer: (B) 4.5

Concept: In $a:b=c:d$, product of extremes $=$ product of means.

1. $(6+2):(8-2)=(12+4):(d-4)\Rightarrow 8:6=16:(d-4)$
2. $8(d-4)=96\Rightarrow d-4=12$
3. $d=16$

Trick: $8:6$ doubled is $16:12$, so $d-4=12$ directly.

Answer: (C) 16

Concept: If $\sin \alpha =\cos \beta$ (acute), then $\alpha +\beta ={90}^{\circ }$.

1. $6A+12A={90}^{\circ }\Rightarrow A=5^{\circ }$
2. $9A={45}^{\circ }$
3. $\tan {45}^{\circ }+\cot {45}^{\circ }=1+1=2$

Trick: $9A$ is exactly half of $18A={90}^{\circ }$, so $9A={45}^{\circ }$ without finding $A$.

Answer: (B) 2

Concept: Total discount $\%$ = weighted sum of the discounts on each part.

1. On 70% of price: $15\%\times 0.7=10.5\%$
2. On remaining 30%: $5\%\times 0.3=1.5\%$
3. Total $=10.5+1.5=12\%$

Trick: The ₹50,000 is a distraction – percentages alone give the answer.

Answer: (D) $12\%$

Concept: CSA $=2\pi rh$, TSA $=2\pi r(h+r)$.

1. CSA of first $=2\pi \times 4\times 7=56\pi$
2. Second cylinder: $r=2$; TSA $=2\pi \times 2(h+2)=56\pi \Rightarrow h+2=14\Rightarrow h=12$
3. CSA of second $=2\pi \times 2\times 12=48\pi {\text{cm}}^2$

Trick: CSA of second $=$ TSA $-$ two circles $=56\pi -2\pi (2{)}^2=48\pi$.

Answer: (B) $48\pi {\text{cm}}^2$

Concept: A number is divisible by 4 if its last two digits form a multiple of 4.

1. Last two digits of $2X2$ are $X2$.
2. Options: 12 ✓, 42 ✗, 02 ✗, 22 ✗
3. So $X=1$ (212 $=4\times 53$).

Trick: Two-digit multiples of 4 ending in 2: 12, 32, 52, 72, 92 – tens digit is always odd.

Answer: (A) 1

Concept: When SP of $m$ articles $=$ CP of $n$ articles, profit$\%=\frac{n-m}{m}\times 100$.

1. CP of 60 pens is recovered as CP of 72 pens: gain $=72-60=12$ pens
2. Profit$\%=\frac{12}{60}\times 100=20\%$

Trick: Profit is always on cost: $\frac{12}{60}$, not $\frac{12}{72}$ (which gives the wrong $16.67\%$).

Answer: (D) $20\%$

Concept: Appending digit $d$ gives $92419\times 10+d=924190+d$; find the remainder of 924190 on division by 13.

1. $924190÷13$: $13\times 71091=924183$, remainder $=7$
2. Need $7+d$ divisible by 13 $\Rightarrow d=6$
3. $924196=13\times 71092$ ✓

Trick: Remainder $r$ after appending $\Rightarrow$ digit $=13-r$ (if $r\ne 0$).

Answer: (A) 6

Concept: In a trapezium with parallel sides $a$ and $b$, the segment joining the midpoints of the diagonals is parallel to them and equals $\frac{a-b}{2}$.

1. $AB=74$, $DC=26$ (parallel sides)
2. $EF=\frac{74-26}{2}=\frac{48}{2}=24$ cm
3. The sides $BC=91$ and $AD=39$ are not needed.

Trick: Midpoints of non-parallel sides $\to \frac{a+b}{2}$; midpoints of diagonals $\to \frac{a-b}{2}$.

Answer: (D) 24

Concept: Average speed $=\frac{\text{total distance}}{\text{total time}}$.

1. Distance $=72\times 3+60\times 1.5=216+90=306$ km
2. Time $=3+1.5=4.5$ h
3. Average speed $=\frac{306}{4.5}=68$ km/h

Trick: Weighted by time $3:1.5=2:1$: $\frac{2\times 72+60}{3}=68$.

Answer: (C) 68 km/h

Concept: $SI=\frac{P\times R\times T}{100}$.

1. $SI=\frac{1000\times 5\times 2}{100}=100$

Trick: 5% of 1000 is 50 per year; two years give ₹100.

Answer: (A) ₹100