Q&A: practice questions with answers

Concept: The Constitution lists the matters that make a bill a Money Bill in a separate Article.

1. Article 110 defines a Money Bill (taxes, borrowing, Consolidated Fund etc.); the Speaker's decision on it is final.
2. Article 112 – Annual Financial Statement (Budget); Article 117 – Financial Bills; Article 105 – privileges of Parliament.
3. A Money Bill is introduced only in the Lok Sabha (Article 109 gives the procedure).

Yaad rakhein: 109 procedure, 110 definition, 112 budget.

Answer: (B) Article 110

Concept: 'License Raj' describes the system (1951–1991) of licences, permits and controls on private industry.

1. Under the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951, firms needed government licences to start a unit, expand or change products.
2. This caused delays, red tape and corruption in the industrial sector.
3. The New Industrial Policy of 1991 (LPG reforms) abolished licensing for most industries.

Yaad rakhein: License Raj ended with 1991 LPG reforms – industry sector.

Answer: (C) Industry

Concept: After the BJP won the February 2025 Delhi Assembly election, Rekha Gupta was sworn in as Chief Minister on 20 February 2025.

1. Rekha Gupta, the fourth woman CM of Delhi, kept key portfolios including Finance and Women and Child Development.
2. Ashish Sood and Manjinder Singh Sirsa were sworn in as ministers in her cabinet; Meenakshi Lekhi is not a Delhi minister.
3. So among the options, Rekha Gupta is the one linked with the Women and Child Development portfolio.

Yaad rakhein: Delhi 2025: CM Rekha Gupta (4th woman CM).

Answer: (C) Rekha Gupta

Concept: In May 2025 an international study (with Indian doctors) reported an AI model that reads ECG/Holter data to warn of dangerous heart rhythms in advance.

1. The model was designed to predict fast ventricular tachycardia – a life-threatening rapid rhythm from the lower chambers that can lead to sudden cardiac arrest.
2. It could flag the risk up to about two weeks before the event, giving time for treatment.
3. Bradycardia and heart block are slow rhythms; atrial fibrillation arises in the upper chambers and is rarely immediately fatal.

Yaad rakhein: Life-threatening + sudden death risk → ventricular tachycardia.

Answer: (A) Fast Ventricular Tachycardia

Concept: The Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) is the second-highest officer of the Indian Air Force.

1. Air Marshal Narmdeshwar Tiwari took charge as VCAS on 2 May 2025.
2. He succeeded Air Marshal Sujeet Pushpakar Dharkar, who retired on 30 April 2025.
3. Air Marshal Nagesh Kapoor became AOC-in-C of South Western Air Command, not VCAS.

Yaad rakhein: VCAS May 2025: Narmdeshwar Tiwari (succeeded S P Dharkar).

Answer: (B) Air Marshal Narmdeshwar Tiwari

Concept: In 1907 Aurobindo Ghosh, editor of 'Bande Mataram', was tried for sedition (the Bande Mataram case).

1. Bipin Chandra Pal was summoned as a witness but refused to testify against Aurobindo.
2. For this contempt he was sentenced to six months' imprisonment; on release he was welcomed as a hero.
3. He was part of the 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio of Extremist leaders.

Yaad rakhein: Lal-Bal-Pal: Pal = Bengal, refused to testify for Aurobindo.

Answer: (C) Bipin Chandra Pal

Concept: The 2025 IIHF World Championship was co-hosted by Sweden and Denmark (Stockholm and Herning).

1. In the final on 25 May 2025 the United States beat Switzerland 1–0 in overtime.
2. Tage Thompson scored the winning goal.
3. It was the USA's first world title since 1933; Switzerland lost a final again, Sweden took bronze.

Yaad rakhein: 2025 IIHF: USA beat Switzerland (first gold in 92 years).

Answer: (A) Switzerland

Concept: The Devi Movement (1922–23) was a tribal reform movement among the Adivasis of South Gujarat.

1. It began when followers believed the goddess Salabai (Devi) told them to give up liquor and meat, and to live clean lives.
2. It turned against Parsi liquor dealers and moneylenders, and linked with Gandhian ideas and boycott of foreign cloth.
3. David Hardiman's book 'The Coming of the Devi' studies this movement.

Yaad rakhein: Devi = South Gujarat Adivasis, anti-liquor (1922).

Answer: (C) South Gujarat

Concept: A basic (key) industry is one whose products are needed by almost all other industries to function.

1. Iron and steel supply raw material (steel) and also the machinery, tools and equipment used in other industries.
2. Engineering, construction, railways, automobiles and defence all depend on steel – so it forms the base of industrialisation.
3. Option D is incomplete; option A gives the full reason – raw materials and machinery/tools.

Yaad rakhein: Basic industry = feeds and equips all other industries.

Answer: (A) Because it provides essential raw materials, machinery, and tools to a wide range of other industries

Concept: The subjects handled by each ministry are listed in the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961.

1. In February 2021 these 1961 Rules were amended to give the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways charge of ropeways and alternate mobility solutions.
2. This allowed a single regulator for ropeways, later used in the 'Parvatmala' national ropeway programme.
3. There are no Allocation of Business Rules of 1951, 1971 or 1981 in force.

Yaad rakhein: Allocation of Business Rules = 1961; Transaction of Business Rules = 1961.

Answer: (C) Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules 1961

Concept: The Genome India Project, funded by the Department of Biotechnology, sequenced the whole genomes of 10,000 healthy Indians from 99 population groups.

1. On 9 January 2025 the data was released for researchers through the Indian Biological Data Centre (IBDC), Faridabad, Haryana.
2. IBDC is India's first national repository for life-science data, under DBT.
3. The other options are not real national data centres.

Yaad rakhein: Genome India data → IBDC Faridabad.

Answer: (D) Indian Biological Data Centre

Concept: The Scheme of Human Resources Development in Sports (Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports) is about building people, not facilities.

1. It supports training and development of coaches, sports scientists, technical officials and other sports professionals.
2. It funds fellowships, research, courses and capacity-building programmes in sports science and coaching.
3. Swimming pools, gyms and fitness clubs are infrastructure, not human-resource development.

Trick: Human resource = people → training of sports professionals.

Answer: (A) Training and development of sports professionals

Concept: The first-ever Khelo India Beach Games were held in May 2025 in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu.

1. They took place from 19 to 24 May 2025 at Ghoghla Beach, Diu.
2. Events included beach soccer, beach volleyball, sepak takraw, kabaddi, pencak silat and open-water swimming.
3. Manipur topped the medal table.

Yaad rakhein: 1st Khelo India Beach Games 2025 → Diu (Ghoghla Beach).

Answer: (A) Diu

Concept: Privatisation, part of the 1991 LPG reforms, means transferring ownership or management of public-sector enterprises to the private sector.

1. It is done by disinvestment (selling government shares) or by outright sale of PSUs, e.g. Air India to the Tata Group in 2022.
2. It aims to improve efficiency and reduce the fiscal burden on the government.
3. Nationalising banks and making jobs government-based are the opposite of privatisation.

Trick: LPG: L = fewer controls, P = govt → private, G = link with world economy.

Answer: (D) Selling government companies to private companies

Concept: The Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna is India's highest sporting honour, given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.

1. The 2024 awards were announced on 2 January 2025 and presented on 17 January 2025.
2. Four athletes received it: D. Gukesh (chess), Harmanpreet Singh (hockey), Praveen Kumar (para-athletics) and Manu Bhaker (shooting).
3. So the number is 4.

Trick: Khel Ratna 2024 – G-H-P-M: Gukesh, Harmanpreet, Praveen, Manu.

Answer: (B) 04

Concept: A continent lies entirely in one hemisphere only if the equator does not pass through it.

1. Australia lies roughly between ${10}^{\circ }$ S and ${44}^{\circ }$ S – wholly south of the equator (and wholly in the Eastern Hemisphere).
2. The equator passes through South America (Ecuador, Brazil) and Africa.
3. Europe lies entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.

Yaad rakhein: Fully southern: Australia and Antarctica.

Answer: (B) Australia

Concept: The Rigveda, the oldest Veda, shows that women in the early Vedic period had access to education and religious learning.

1. Women seers (rishikas) such as Ghosha, Apala, Vishwavara and Lopamudra composed hymns found in the Rigveda.
2. Vishwavara composed a hymn to Agni (Mandala 5); Apala and Ghosha also have hymns credited to them.
3. This shows women enjoyed a respected place in early Vedic society.

Yaad rakhein: Rishikas Ghosha, Apala, Vishwavara, Lopamudra → Rigveda.

Answer: (A) The Rigveda

Concept: The block of an element is decided by the subshell receiving the last electron (s, p, d or f).

1. Nitrogen (Z = 7): $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$ – last electron in 2p, so p-block (Group 15).
2. Sodium (Group 1) and Barium (Group 2) are s-block.
3. Chromium (Group 6) is a d-block transition metal.

Trick: Groups 1–2 → s; 3–12 → d; 13–18 → p.

Answer: (C) Nitrogen

Concept: Increasing pressure lowers the melting point of ice; when pressure is removed the water freezes again – this is regelation.

1. A loaded wire presses on the ice, so ice just below it melts at below $0^{\circ }\text{C}$.
2. The wire sinks through the water, and above it the pressure is released, so the water refreezes.
3. Hence the wire cuts through but the block stays whole. Skating and snowball-making use the same effect.

Trick: Re-gelation = re-freezing after pressure is removed.

Answer: (C) Regelation

Concept: During the Swadeshi Movement, Indians set up their own enterprises to challenge British monopolies.

1. V. O. Chidambaram Pillai founded the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in 1906 at Tuticorin (Thoothukudi), raising funds by selling shares.
2. Its ships (Gallia, Lawoe) ran between Tuticorin and Colombo against the British India Steam Navigation Company.
3. He is remembered as 'Kappalottiya Tamizhan' (the Tamil who sailed ships).

Yaad rakhein: VOC = Kappalottiya Tamizhan = Swadeshi shipping, Tuticorin.

Answer: (D) VO Chidambaram Pillai