Q181.Select the correct spelling of a concept describing a universal or all-encompassing system of governance or interconnected hierarchies, often transcending national borders.
- APanarchy
- BPanarky
- CPanaarchy
- DPanarcky
Show answer
Concept: Pan (all) + -archy (rule/government) = panarchy.
- The suffix is always '-archy' as in monarchy, anarchy, hierarchy.
- Forms with 'k', 'ck' or 'aa' are incorrect.
Trick: Any word for 'rule' ends in -archy (with 'ch'), never -arky.
Answer: (A) Panarchy
अवधारणा: Pan (सभी) + -archy (शासन) = panarchy।
- प्रत्यय हमेशा '-archy' – monarchy, anarchy, hierarchy की तरह।
- 'k', 'ck' या 'aa' वाले रूप गलत।
ट्रिक: 'शासन' वाले शब्द -archy (ch) पर खत्म होते हैं।
उत्तर: (A) Panarchy
Q182.Complete the sentence by using the correct collocation.
Due to his family connections on the board, John seemed to ____ in the promotion race, leaving other qualified candidates at a disadvantage.
- Ahold all the cards
- Bplay by the rules
- Clay his cards on the table
- Ddeal a raw deal
Show answer
Concept: Hold all the cards = be in a position of total advantage.
- Family connections on the board gave John the upper hand → he 'held all the cards'.
- Play by the rules = act fairly; lay cards on the table = be open; 'deal a raw deal' is not a correct phrase.
Trick: Context clue: 'leaving others at a disadvantage' → you need a phrase of advantage.
Answer: (A) hold all the cards
अवधारणा: Hold all the cards = पूरी तरह लाभ की स्थिति में होना।
- बोर्ड में पारिवारिक संबंधों से जॉन को बढ़त मिली।
- Play by the rules = नियम से चलना; lay cards on the table = खुलकर बताना।
ट्रिक: संकेत: 'दूसरे नुकसान में' → लाभ वाला मुहावरा चाहिए।
उत्तर: (A) hold all the cards
Q183.Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words:
A person who lives a solitary life and tends to avoid other people.
- AHedonist
- BRecluse
- CStoic
- DEpicurean
Show answer
Concept: Recluse = a person who lives alone and avoids company.
- Hedonist/Epicurean = pleasure-seeker.
- Stoic = one who endures pain without complaint.
- Only 'recluse' means a solitary person.
Yaad rakhein: Related: hermit/anchorite – one who withdraws from society for religious reasons.
Answer: (B) Recluse
अवधारणा: Recluse = अकेले रहने वाला, लोगों से दूर रहने वाला।
- Hedonist/Epicurean = सुख-भोगी।
- Stoic = दुख चुपचाप सहने वाला।
- केवल recluse = एकांतवासी।
याद रखें: Hermit/anchorite = धार्मिक कारण से समाज छोड़ने वाला।
उत्तर: (B) Recluse
Q184.Select the correct spelling of the noun form of the paroxysmal medical condition.
- AParoxysmme
- BParoxysim
- CParoxysm
- DParoxysam
Show answer
Concept: Paroxysm = a sudden attack or violent outburst (of pain, coughing, anger).
- Correct: p-a-r-o-x-y-s-m, ending '-ysm' like 'spasm'.
- No extra letter before or after the final 'm'.
Trick: Adjective 'paroxysmal' = paroxysm + al – remove '-al' to get the noun.
Answer: (C) Paroxysm
अवधारणा: Paroxysm = अचानक दौरा या तीव्र उफान।
- सही: p-a-r-o-x-y-s-m, अंत '-ysm'।
- अंतिम 'm' से पहले/बाद कोई अतिरिक्त अक्षर नहीं।
ट्रिक: Paroxysmal से '-al' हटाएँ → paroxysm।
उत्तर: (C) Paroxysm
Q185.The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them contains an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options.
The manager distributed (1)/ many important informations (2)/ during the morning briefing, (3)/ causing some confusion. (4)
- A(1)
- B(2)
- C(3)
- D(4)
Show answer
Concept: 'Information' is uncountable: no plural, no 'many'.
- 'many important informations' ✗.
- Correct: 'much important information' / 'a lot of important information'.
Trick: Same family: advice, furniture, luggage, equipment, news – never add 's'.
Answer: (B) (2)
अवधारणा: 'Information' अगणनीय है – न बहुवचन, न 'many'।
- 'many important informations' ✗।
- सही: 'much important information'।
ट्रिक: Advice, furniture, luggage, equipment, news – इनमें 's' नहीं लगता।
उत्तर: (B) (2)
Q186.Select the option that expresses the given sentence in the Passive voice.
The engineers will have completed the bridge by the end of the year.
- AThe bridge will be completed by the engineers by the end of the year.
- BThe bridge is completed by the engineers by the end of the year.
- CThe bridge would have been completed by the engineers by the end of the year.
- DThe bridge will have been completed by the engineers by the end of the year.
Show answer
Concept: Will have + V3 (active) → will have been + V3 (passive).
- Subject: the bridge.
- will have completed → will have been completed.
- Add 'by the engineers by the end of the year'.
Trick: Passive just inserts 'been' after 'have' – tense markers 'will have' stay.
Answer: (D) The bridge will have been completed by the engineers by the end of the year.
अवधारणा: Will have + V3 → will have been + V3।
- कर्ता: the bridge।
- will have completed → will have been completed।
- फिर 'by the engineers'।
ट्रिक: Passive में 'have' के बाद सिर्फ 'been' जुड़ता है।
उत्तर: (D) The bridge will have been completed by the engineers by the end of the year.
Q187.Select the option which contains the most appropriate HOMONYM of the word given in bold/underline.
The artisan applied a thin layer of varnish to the wooden surface.
- AThe curator inspected the ancient varnish that had begun to peel.
- BThe craftsman demonstrated how the varnish deepened the colour of the oak panels.
- CThe lawyer attempted to varnish the truth to make the report appear more favourable.
- DThe apprentices watched as the varnish dried under controlled light.
Show answer
Concept: Homonym = same word, different meaning.
- Given: varnish (noun) = glossy protective coating.
- (A), (B), (D) use the same coating meaning.
- (C) 'varnish the truth' (verb) = disguise or gloss over facts → different meaning.
Trick: Look for the option where the word changes its part of speech or becomes figurative.
Answer: (C) The lawyer attempted to varnish the truth to make the report appear more favourable.
अवधारणा: Homonym = एक ही शब्द, अलग अर्थ।
- दिया गया: varnish (संज्ञा) = चमकदार परत।
- (A), (B), (D) – वही अर्थ।
- (C) 'varnish the truth' = सच छिपाना/सजाना – अलग अर्थ।
ट्रिक: जिस विकल्प में शब्द का भाग/अर्थ बदल जाए, वही उत्तर।
उत्तर: (C) The lawyer attempted to varnish the truth to make the report appear more favourable.
Q188.Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
To blow hot and cold
- ATo experience extreme temperature changes
- BTo keep changing one’s attitude or opinion
- CTo argue passionately for both sides of an issue
- DTo have a fluctuating fever
Show answer
Concept: Blow hot and cold = keep changing one's mind or attitude.
- Example: He blows hot and cold about the job offer.
- (A), (D) are literal; (C) is arguing both sides, not wavering.
Trick: Hot = keen, cold = uninterested → swinging between the two.
Answer: (B) To keep changing one’s attitude or opinion
अवधारणा: Blow hot and cold = बार-बार राय/रवैया बदलना।
- उदाहरण: He blows hot and cold about the job offer।
- (A), (D) शाब्दिक; (C) अलग अर्थ।
ट्रिक: Hot = उत्साह, cold = उदासीनता → दोनों के बीच झूलना।
उत्तर: (B) To keep changing one’s attitude or opinion
Q189.Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underlined segment in the given sentence.
An anonymous person claims that the suspect will escaped through the back alley, unnoticed by the police.
- Awill be escape through
- Bwill escape through
- Cwill have to escaped through
- Dshall escaped through
Show answer
Concept: Will/shall/can + V1 (base form).
- 'will escaped' ✗ → 'will escape' ✓.
- (A) 'will be escape', (C) 'will have to escaped', (D) 'shall escaped' all break the rule.
Trick: After any modal, the very next verb is V1 – no -ed, -s or -ing.
Answer: (B) will escape through
अवधारणा: Will/shall/can + V1 (मूल रूप)।
- 'will escaped' ✗ → 'will escape' ✓।
- बाकी विकल्प नियम तोड़ते हैं।
ट्रिक: Modal के ठीक बाद क्रिया V1 में – -ed, -s, -ing नहीं।
उत्तर: (B) will escape through
Q190.Select the correct direct form of the given sentence.
The manager affirmed that the bonus would be disbursed, provided that the quarterly targets had been met.
- AThe manager said, "The bonus will be disbursed, provided that the quarterly targets have been met."
- BThe manager said, "The bonus would be disbursed, provided that the quarterly targets had been met."
- CThe manager said, "The bonus can be disbursed, provided that the quarterly targets are met."
- DThe manager said, "The bonus is disbursed, provided that the quarterly targets are met."
Show answer
Concept: Undo the back-shift: would → will, had been → have been.
- 'affirmed that' → said, "…".
- would be disbursed → will be disbursed.
- had been met → have been met.
Trick: Direct form should never retain the reported tenses – (B) copies them unchanged.
Answer: (A) The manager said, "The bonus will be disbursed, provided that the quarterly targets have been met."
अवधारणा: पीछे खिसका काल वापस करें: would → will, had been → have been।
- 'affirmed that' → said, "…"।
- would be disbursed → will be disbursed।
- had been met → have been met।
ट्रिक: प्रत्यक्ष रूप में reported काल नहीं रहते – (B) वैसे ही रखता है।
उत्तर: (A) The manager said, "The bonus will be disbursed, provided that the quarterly targets have been met."
Q191.Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
1. This new approach involves regular sensor readings and predictive analytics.
2. The old method of reactive maintenance often led to costly breakdowns.
3. Consequently, equipment uptime has significantly improved.
4. The company adopted a proactive maintenance strategy.
- A2-4-1-3
- B4-1-2-3
- C2-1-4-3
- D1-3-2-4
Show answer
Concept: Problem → solution → details → result.
- 2: old reactive method caused breakdowns (problem).
- 4: company adopted proactive strategy (solution).
- 1: 'This new approach' explains it; 3: 'Consequently' gives the result.
Trick: 'This new approach' must follow a sentence introducing a new approach → 4-1 pair.
Answer: (A) 2-4-1-3
अवधारणा: समस्या → समाधान → विवरण → परिणाम।
- 2: पुराना तरीका – समस्या।
- 4: नई रणनीति अपनाई।
- 1: 'This new approach' – विवरण; 3: 'Consequently' – परिणाम।
ट्रिक: 'This new approach' से पहले नई रणनीति वाला वाक्य → 4-1 जोड़ी।
उत्तर: (A) 2-4-1-3
Q192.Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words:
A drug that causes temporary loss of memory.
- AAmnesiac
- BNarcotic
- CHypnotic
- DPurgative
Show answer
Concept: Amnesia = loss of memory; amnesiac (drug) = one that causes it.
- Narcotic – dulls senses/induces stupor; hypnotic – induces sleep; purgative – clears the bowels.
- Only 'amnesiac' links to memory loss.
Trick: Root 'mnesia' = memory (as in amnesty – 'forgetting' offences).
Answer: (A) Amnesiac
अवधारणा: Amnesia = स्मृति-लोप; amnesiac दवा = जो स्मृति-लोप करे।
- Narcotic – सुन्न करने वाली; hypnotic – नींद लाने वाली; purgative – दस्तावर।
- केवल amnesiac स्मृति से जुड़ा है।
ट्रिक: 'mnesia' = स्मृति (amnesty = अपराध भूल जाना)।
उत्तर: (A) Amnesiac
Q193.Select the most appropriate meaning of the given idiom.
To step up to the plate
- ATo offer someone food
- BTo take responsibility and perform well when needed
- CTo serve food to guests
- DTo begin a new game
Show answer
Concept: Step up to the plate = take responsibility and act when needed.
- From baseball: the batter steps up to home plate to face the pitch.
- 'Plate' has nothing to do with food – (A), (C) are traps.
Trick: Similar idiom: 'rise to the occasion'.
Answer: (B) To take responsibility and perform well when needed
अवधारणा: Step up to the plate = ज़रूरत पड़ने पर ज़िम्मेदारी लेना।
- बेसबॉल से: बल्लेबाज़ होम प्लेट पर आकर खेलता है।
- 'Plate' का खाने से संबंध नहीं – (A), (C) जाल।
ट्रिक: समान मुहावरा: 'rise to the occasion'।
उत्तर: (B) To take responsibility and perform well when needed
Q194.Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
1. Cloud computing offers significant advantages for collaborative scientific research.
2. Specifically, it allows for real-time sharing and version control of large datasets.
3. This enables multiple researchers to contribute to the same project without overwriting each other's work.
4. Furthermore, it provides access to vast computational resources on demand, accelerating complex analyses.
- A2, 3, 1, 4
- B1, 2, 3, 4
- C3, 1, 4, 2
- D4, 3, 1, 2
Show answer
Concept: General claim → 'Specifically' → 'This' → 'Furthermore'.
- 1 states the topic (advantages of cloud computing).
- 2 'Specifically' gives the first advantage; 3 'This enables' explains its effect.
- 4 'Furthermore' adds another advantage.
Trick: Connectors decide it: Specifically, This, Furthermore can never open a paragraph → only 1 can start.
Answer: (B) 1, 2, 3, 4
अवधारणा: सामान्य बात → 'Specifically' → 'This' → 'Furthermore'।
- 1 विषय बताता है।
- 2 'Specifically' पहला लाभ, 3 'This enables' उसका असर।
- 4 'Furthermore' दूसरा लाभ।
ट्रिक: Specifically/This/Furthermore से अनुच्छेद शुरू नहीं होता → केवल 1 शुरुआत।
उत्तर: (B) 1, 2, 3, 4
Q195.Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
1. It helps them think better for college.
2. Learning by doing projects in school is very good for students.
3. Kids work on real problems, so they learn more than just memorizing facts.
4. This way of learning also makes them work and talk together with friends.
- A1-4-3-2
- B3-2-1-4
- C2-3-4-1
- D4-1-2-3
Show answer
Concept: Main idea → reason → extra benefit → final benefit.
- 2 introduces the topic: project learning is good.
- 3 explains why (real problems > memorising).
- 4 'This way of learning also…' adds teamwork; 1 'It helps them…' ends with college benefit.
Trick: Sentences starting with 'It' or 'This' need a noun before them – the one with full nouns (2) opens.
Answer: (C) 2-3-4-1
अवधारणा: मुख्य बात → कारण → अतिरिक्त लाभ → अंतिम लाभ।
- 2 विषय बताता है।
- 3 कारण बताता है।
- 4 'also' से एक और लाभ; 1 कॉलेज वाला लाभ।
ट्रिक: 'It/This' से शुरू वाक्य पहले नहीं आ सकते – 2 से शुरुआत।
उत्तर: (C) 2-3-4-1
Directions (Qs. 96-100): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The human lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining internal balance by transporting excess fluid, filtering harmful substances and supporting immune responses. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic network does not rely on a central pump; instead it depends on muscle movement and pressure changes to propel lymph throughout the body. Lymph nodes, positioned strategically along lymphatic vessels, act as biological checkpoints where pathogens are identified and neutralised. Disruptions in this system can lead to a condition known as lymphoedema, characterised by abnormal fluid accumulation and persistent swelling, usually in the limbs. Left unmanaged, lymphoedema may impair mobility and increase susceptibility to infections. Early diagnosis is therefore essential, as timely intervention can significantly slow the progression of symptoms. Health experts emphasise that regular physical activity, adequate hydration and proper limb care all contribute to a healthier lymphatic function. Additionally, avoiding tight clothing, which may restrict lymph flow, helps maintain natural circulation. As awareness grows, individuals are encouraged to monitor changes in their body and seek guidance whenever swelling or discomfort persists.
Q196.What does the term "accumulation" imply when dealing with lymphoedema?
- ARemoval of excess tissue
- BGradual build-up of fluid
- CSudden loss of pressure
- DReduction in immune activity
Show answer
Concept: Accumulation = gradual collection or build-up.
- Passage: lymphoedema = 'abnormal fluid accumulation and persistent swelling'.
- Swelling results from fluid gathering over time → gradual build-up.
Trick: Swelling cannot come from removal or loss – (A), (C) contradict the context.
Answer: (B) Gradual build-up of fluid
अवधारणा: Accumulation = धीरे-धीरे जमा होना।
- गद्यांश: lymphoedema में 'fluid accumulation' और सूजन।
- सूजन तरल के जमा होने से → gradual build-up।
ट्रिक: सूजन हटने/घटने से नहीं होती – (A), (C) संदर्भ के विरुद्ध।
उत्तर: (B) Gradual build-up of fluid
Directions (Qs. 96-100): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The human lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining internal balance by transporting excess fluid, filtering harmful substances and supporting immune responses. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic network does not rely on a central pump; instead it depends on muscle movement and pressure changes to propel lymph throughout the body. Lymph nodes, positioned strategically along lymphatic vessels, act as biological checkpoints where pathogens are identified and neutralised. Disruptions in this system can lead to a condition known as lymphoedema, characterised by abnormal fluid accumulation and persistent swelling, usually in the limbs. Left unmanaged, lymphoedema may impair mobility and increase susceptibility to infections. Early diagnosis is therefore essential, as timely intervention can significantly slow the progression of symptoms. Health experts emphasise that regular physical activity, adequate hydration and proper limb care all contribute to a healthier lymphatic function. Additionally, avoiding tight clothing, which may restrict lymph flow, helps maintain natural circulation. As awareness grows, individuals are encouraged to monitor changes in their body and seek guidance whenever swelling or discomfort persists.
Q197.Select the most appropriate meaning of the term "susceptibility" as used in the passage.
- AStrong resistance to illness
- BIncreased likelihood of being affected
- CComplete immunity from infection
- DAbility to recover instantly
Show answer
Concept: Susceptibility = being easily affected / more prone to something.
- Passage: unmanaged lymphoedema 'may increase susceptibility to infections'.
- So the person becomes more likely to catch infections.
Trick: Susceptible ↔ immune/resistant are opposites – (A), (C) are antonyms.
Answer: (B) Increased likelihood of being affected
अवधारणा: Susceptibility = आसानी से प्रभावित होने की प्रवृत्ति।
- गद्यांश: lymphoedema से संक्रमण की susceptibility बढ़ती है।
- यानी संक्रमण होने की संभावना बढ़ती है।
ट्रिक: Susceptible का विलोम immune/resistant – (A), (C) उल्टे हैं।
उत्तर: (B) Increased likelihood of being affected
Directions (Qs. 96-100): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The human lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining internal balance by transporting excess fluid, filtering harmful substances and supporting immune responses. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic network does not rely on a central pump; instead it depends on muscle movement and pressure changes to propel lymph throughout the body. Lymph nodes, positioned strategically along lymphatic vessels, act as biological checkpoints where pathogens are identified and neutralised. Disruptions in this system can lead to a condition known as lymphoedema, characterised by abnormal fluid accumulation and persistent swelling, usually in the limbs. Left unmanaged, lymphoedema may impair mobility and increase susceptibility to infections. Early diagnosis is therefore essential, as timely intervention can significantly slow the progression of symptoms. Health experts emphasise that regular physical activity, adequate hydration and proper limb care all contribute to a healthier lymphatic function. Additionally, avoiding tight clothing, which may restrict lymph flow, helps maintain natural circulation. As awareness grows, individuals are encouraged to monitor changes in their body and seek guidance whenever swelling or discomfort persists.
Q198.Select the correct part of speech to fill in the blank.
"Lymph nodes act as biological checkpoints where harmful ____ are detected and neutralised."
- Ainvade
- Binvaded
- Cinvaders
- Dinvading
Show answer
Concept: After an adjective and before a plural verb, a plural noun is needed.
- 'harmful ____ are detected' → adjective + noun + are.
- invaders = plural noun ✓; invade/invaded/invading are verb forms.
Trick: 'are' after the blank signals a plural subject → look for the word ending in -s/-ers.
Answer: (C) invaders
अवधारणा: विशेषण के बाद और बहुवचन क्रिया से पहले बहुवचन संज्ञा आती है।
- 'harmful ____ are' → विशेषण + संज्ञा + are।
- invaders = बहुवचन संज्ञा ✓; बाकी क्रिया रूप।
ट्रिक: खाली स्थान के बाद 'are' → बहुवचन कर्ता चाहिए।
उत्तर: (C) invaders
Directions (Qs. 96-100): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The human lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining internal balance by transporting excess fluid, filtering harmful substances and supporting immune responses. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic network does not rely on a central pump; instead it depends on muscle movement and pressure changes to propel lymph throughout the body. Lymph nodes, positioned strategically along lymphatic vessels, act as biological checkpoints where pathogens are identified and neutralised. Disruptions in this system can lead to a condition known as lymphoedema, characterised by abnormal fluid accumulation and persistent swelling, usually in the limbs. Left unmanaged, lymphoedema may impair mobility and increase susceptibility to infections. Early diagnosis is therefore essential, as timely intervention can significantly slow the progression of symptoms. Health experts emphasise that regular physical activity, adequate hydration and proper limb care all contribute to a healthier lymphatic function. Additionally, avoiding tight clothing, which may restrict lymph flow, helps maintain natural circulation. As awareness grows, individuals are encouraged to monitor changes in their body and seek guidance whenever swelling or discomfort persists.
Q199.According to the passage, which practice supports healthy lymphatic function?
- AWearing tight clothing to stabilise the limbs
- BRemaining physically inactive to reduce strain
- CDrinking enough water and staying active
- DIgnoring swelling unless it becomes painful
Show answer
Concept: Pick the practice the passage directly recommends.
- Passage lists regular physical activity, adequate hydration, proper limb care.
- Tight clothing is warned against; inactivity and ignoring swelling go against its advice.
Trick: Three options are the exact opposite of passage advice – the positive one is right.
Answer: (C) Drinking enough water and staying active
अवधारणा: गद्यांश में जो उपाय सीधे सुझाया गया है वही चुनें।
- गद्यांश: नियमित व्यायाम, पर्याप्त पानी, अंगों की देखभाल।
- तंग कपड़े, निष्क्रियता, सूजन को अनदेखा करना – सलाह के विरुद्ध।
ट्रिक: तीन विकल्प गद्यांश की सलाह के उल्टे हैं।
उत्तर: (C) Drinking enough water and staying active
Directions (Qs. 96-100): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The human lymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining internal balance by transporting excess fluid, filtering harmful substances and supporting immune responses. Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic network does not rely on a central pump; instead it depends on muscle movement and pressure changes to propel lymph throughout the body. Lymph nodes, positioned strategically along lymphatic vessels, act as biological checkpoints where pathogens are identified and neutralised. Disruptions in this system can lead to a condition known as lymphoedema, characterised by abnormal fluid accumulation and persistent swelling, usually in the limbs. Left unmanaged, lymphoedema may impair mobility and increase susceptibility to infections. Early diagnosis is therefore essential, as timely intervention can significantly slow the progression of symptoms. Health experts emphasise that regular physical activity, adequate hydration and proper limb care all contribute to a healthier lymphatic function. Additionally, avoiding tight clothing, which may restrict lymph flow, helps maintain natural circulation. As awareness grows, individuals are encouraged to monitor changes in their body and seek guidance whenever swelling or discomfort persists.
Q200.Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun.
"The lymphatic system lacks a central pump, ____ makes muscle movement essential for fluid transport."
- Awhich
- Bwhy
- Chow
- Dwhat
Show answer
Concept: 'Which' after a comma can refer to the whole preceding idea and act as subject.
- Antecedent = the fact that the system lacks a central pump.
- Blank is subject of 'makes' → relative pronoun 'which'.
- Why/how are adverbs; 'what' doesn't take an antecedent.
Trick: Comma + blank + verb referring to the previous clause → almost always 'which'.
Answer: (A) which
अवधारणा: कॉमा के बाद 'which' पूरे पिछले विचार की ओर संकेत कर कर्ता बन सकता है।
- संदर्भ: system में central pump नहीं है।
- 'makes' का कर्ता चाहिए → 'which'।
- why/how क्रियाविशेषण; 'what' के साथ antecedent नहीं आता।
ट्रिक: कॉमा + खाली + क्रिया, पिछले clause के लिए → 'which'।
उत्तर: (A) which
