Q3181.Which is the correct spelling?
- AAutonomy
- BAutunamy
- CAutonomme
- DAutonaomy
Show answer
Concept: Greek auto (self) + nomos (law) → auto-nomy.
- Correct: A-U-T-O-N-O-M-Y = self-rule, independence.
- Errors: 'Autunamy' (u, a), 'Autonomme' (double m), 'Autonaomy' (extra a).
Trick: Same ending as astronomy, economy, taxonomy: -nomy.
Answer: (A) Autonomy
अवधारणा: ग्रीक auto (स्वयं) + nomos (नियम) → auto-nomy।
- सही: A-U-T-O-N-O-M-Y = स्वायत्तता।
- गलत: 'Autunamy', 'Autonomme' (दोहरा m), 'Autonaomy' (अतिरिक्त a)।
ट्रिक: astronomy, economy, taxonomy की तरह अंत: -nomy।
उत्तर: (A) Autonomy
Q3182.Spot the correct spelling.
- ACircadeon
- BCircadian
- CCircadeen
- DCircadijon
Show answer
Concept: Latin circa (about) + dies (day) → circa-dian.
- Correct: C-I-R-C-A-D-I-A-N – relating to the 24-hour body cycle.
- Other options spoil the '-dian' ending (-deon, -deen, -dijon).
Trick: Remember 'circa + dian' like 'Indian' ending.
Answer: (B) Circadian
अवधारणा: Latin circa (लगभग) + dies (दिन) → circa-dian।
- सही: C-I-R-C-A-D-I-A-N – 24 घंटे के जैविक चक्र से संबंधित।
- अन्य विकल्पों में '-dian' अंत बिगड़ा है।
ट्रिक: 'circa + dian' – 'Indian' जैसा अंत याद रखें।
उत्तर: (B) Circadian
Q3183.Choose the correct one-word substitute for: The note was impossible to read'.
- AIllegible
- BReadable
- CInvisible
- DUnutterable
Show answer
Concept: Writing that cannot be read = illegible.
- Il- (not) + legible (readable) → illegible.
- Invisible = cannot be seen; Unutterable = cannot be spoken/expressed; Readable = opposite.
Yaad rakhein: Legible/illegible → handwriting; eligible → qualified. Don't mix them.
Answer: (A) Illegible
अवधारणा: जो लिखावट पढ़ी न जा सके = illegible।
- Il- (नहीं) + legible (पढ़ने योग्य) → illegible।
- Invisible = दिखाई न दे; Unutterable = कहा न जा सके; Readable = विपरीत।
याद रखें: Legible/illegible → लिखावट; eligible → योग्य। दोनों अलग हैं।
उत्तर: (A) Illegible
Q3184.Choose the correct one-word substitute for: He stood at the edge of a deep and seemingly bottomless chasm.
- ACrevasse
- BCrater
- CAbyss
- DTrench
Show answer
Concept: A very deep, seemingly endless gap = abyss.
- Abyss = a bottomless-looking deep pit or chasm.
- Crevasse = crack in a glacier; Crater = bowl-shaped hole (volcano/meteor); Trench = long narrow ditch.
Yaad rakhein: 'Abyssal zone' = the deepest part of the ocean floor.
Answer: (C) Abyss
अवधारणा: बहुत गहरी, अथाह-सी खाई = abyss।
- Abyss = अथाह गहरा गड्ढा/खाई।
- Crevasse = हिमनद की दरार; Crater = कटोरे जैसा गड्ढा; Trench = लंबी संकरी खाई।
याद रखें: 'Abyssal zone' = समुद्र तल का सबसे गहरा भाग।
उत्तर: (C) Abyss
Q3185.Choose the correct phrasal verb:
After reviewing all the evidence, the committee could not ____ a final decision.
- Adraw up
- Bbring in
- Cmake up
- Darrive at
Show answer
Concept: Collocation: arrive at / reach / come to a decision.
- 'Arrive at a decision' = finally reach it after discussion ✓.
- Draw up = prepare a document/plan; bring in = introduce (a law) or deliver a verdict; make up = invent/form (one's mind).
Trick: decision → arrive at / reach / come to / take / make – never 'draw up'.
Answer: (D) arrive at
अवधारणा: Collocation: arrive at / reach / come to a decision।
- 'Arrive at a decision' = चर्चा के बाद निर्णय पर पहुँचना ✓।
- Draw up = दस्तावेज़ तैयार करना; bring in = कानून लाना/फ़ैसला सुनाना; make up = गढ़ना/मन बनाना।
ट्रिक: decision के साथ: arrive at / reach / come to / take / make।
उत्तर: (D) arrive at
Q3186.Select the correct part of speech to fill in the blank:
Despite the unexpected challenges, the team remained ____ focused on their objective.
- Aresolve
- Bresolutely
- Cresolution
- Dmore resolute
Show answer
Concept: A word that describes an adjective must be an adverb.
- The blank qualifies the adjective 'focused'.
- Resolutely (adverb) = in a determined way → 'remained resolutely focused' ✓.
- Resolve (verb/noun), resolution (noun), more resolute (adjective) don't fit.
Trick: Before an adjective/participle, look for the '-ly' form.
Answer: (B) resolutely
अवधारणा: विशेषण को विशेषित करने वाला शब्द adverb होता है।
- रिक्त स्थान 'focused' (adjective) को बता रहा है।
- Resolutely (adverb) = दृढ़ता से → 'remained resolutely focused' ✓।
- Resolve (verb/noun), resolution (noun), more resolute (adjective) – उपयुक्त नहीं।
ट्रिक: विशेषण से पहले प्रायः '-ly' वाला रूप आता है।
उत्तर: (B) resolutely
Q3187.The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them contains an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options.
The central bank's decision not only aimed to curve inflation (1)/ but also intended to stimulate economic growth, (2)/ a dual objective that proved challenging (3)/ to balance effectively. (4)
- A(1)
- B(2)
- C(3)
- D(4)
Show answer
Concept: Curve vs curb: similar spelling, different meaning.
- Curve = a bend / to bend.
- Curb = to control, restrain → 'aimed to curb inflation'.
- Part (1) has the error; 'not only… but also' is correctly paired.
Trick: Inflation, anger, spending are always 'curbed', never 'curved'.
Answer: (A) (1)
अवधारणा: Curve और curb: मिलती-जुलती वर्तनी, अलग अर्थ।
- Curve = मोड़ / मोड़ना।
- Curb = नियंत्रित करना → 'aimed to curb inflation'।
- त्रुटि भाग (1) में; 'not only… but also' सही है।
ट्रिक: महँगाई, गुस्सा, खर्च – हमेशा 'curb' होते हैं।
उत्तर: (A) (1)
Q3188.Select the option that expresses the given sentence in the Active/Passive voice.
The authorities might have revoked his security clearance.
- AHis security clearance might had been revoked.
- BHis security clearance might be revoked by the authorities.
- CHis security clearance might have been revoked by the authorities.
- DHis security clearance might have revoked by the authorities.
Show answer
Concept: Active 'might have + V3' → passive 'might have been + V3'.
- Object 'his security clearance' becomes the subject.
- Verb: might have revoked → might have been revoked; add 'by the authorities'.
- (A) 'might had' – wrong; (B) changes tense; (D) misses 'been'.
Trick: In passive, 'been' always comes after a perfect auxiliary (have/has/had).
Answer: (C) His security clearance might have been revoked by the authorities.
अवधारणा: Active 'might have + V3' → passive 'might have been + V3'।
- Object 'his security clearance' अब subject बनेगा।
- Verb: might have revoked → might have been revoked; अंत में 'by the authorities'।
- (A) 'might had' गलत; (B) काल बदला; (D) 'been' नहीं है।
ट्रिक: Passive में have/has/had के बाद 'been' अनिवार्य।
उत्तर: (C) His security clearance might have been revoked by the authorities.
Q3189.Select the option which contains the most appropriate HOMONYM of the word given in bold/underline.
The dancer's movements were so graceful and ethereal, she seemed to float across the stage.
- AThe faint, shimmering aurora created an ethereal glow in the night sky.
- BThe old tale spoke of ethereal beings dwelling in the mists of the enchanted forest.
- CThe chemist carefully prepared the ethereal solution by dissolving the compound in diethyl ether.
- DHer voice had an ethereal quality, delicate and otherworldly, enchanting all who heard it.
Show answer
Concept: A homonym here = same word used in a different meaning.
- In the sentence, ethereal = light, delicate, heavenly.
- (A), (B), (D) use the same 'otherworldly' sense.
- (C) uses it in chemistry: 'relating to ether' (a solution in ether) → different meaning.
Trick: Look for the option set in a different field (science, law) – it usually carries the other meaning.
Answer: (C) The chemist carefully prepared the ethereal solution by dissolving the compound in diethyl ether.
अवधारणा: यहाँ homonym = वही शब्द, किंतु दूसरे अर्थ में।
- वाक्य में ethereal = हल्का, कोमल, अलौकिक।
- (A), (B), (D) में वही 'अलौकिक' अर्थ।
- (C) में रसायन का अर्थ: 'ईथर से संबंधित' → भिन्न अर्थ।
ट्रिक: जो विकल्प किसी अलग क्षेत्र (विज्ञान) का हो, उसमें प्रायः दूसरा अर्थ होता है।
उत्तर: (C) The chemist carefully prepared the ethereal solution by dissolving the compound in diethyl ether.
Q3190.Select the option that expresses the given sentence in the Active/Passive voice.
All the confidential files had been securely encrypted by the IT department before the system breach.
- AThe IT department securely encrypted all the confidential files before the system breach.
- BThe IT department had securely encrypted all the confidential files before the system breach.
- CThe IT department was securely encrypting all the confidential files before the system breach.
- DAll the confidential files were securely encrypted by the IT department before the system breach.
Show answer
Concept: Keep the tense: 'had been + V3' → active 'had + V3'.
- Doer 'the IT department' becomes the subject.
- had been encrypted → had encrypted: 'The IT department had securely encrypted…'
- (A) simple past, (C) past continuous – tense changed; (D) is still passive.
Trick: 'Before + event' signals past perfect – the earlier action keeps 'had'.
Answer: (B) The IT department had securely encrypted all the confidential files before the system breach.
अवधारणा: काल वही रखें: 'had been + V3' → active 'had + V3'।
- कर्ता 'the IT department' subject बनेगा।
- had been encrypted → had encrypted।
- (A) simple past, (C) past continuous – काल बदला; (D) अभी भी passive।
ट्रिक: 'Before + घटना' – पहले हुई क्रिया में 'had' रहता है।
उत्तर: (B) The IT department had securely encrypted all the confidential files before the system breach.
Q3191.Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underline/Bold segment in the given sentence.
He decided to marry with her despite his parents' objections.
- Amarry her
- Bmarrying with her
- Cto marry to her
- Dto marry her
Show answer
Concept: 'Marry' is transitive: marry someone (no 'with/to').
- 'decided' is followed by a to-infinitive → 'to marry'.
- Remove 'with': 'He decided to marry her.'
- 'Married to' is used only in the passive/state form: 'She is married to him.'
Trick: Like discuss, resemble, enter, marry takes no preposition before its object.
Answer: (D) to marry her
अवधारणा: 'Marry' सकर्मक क्रिया है: marry someone (with/to नहीं)।
- 'decided' के बाद to-infinitive → 'to marry'।
- 'with' हटाएँ: 'He decided to marry her.'
- 'married to' केवल अवस्था में: 'She is married to him.'
ट्रिक: discuss, resemble, enter की तरह marry के बाद भी preposition नहीं।
उत्तर: (D) to marry her
Q3192.Select the most appropriate option to substitute the underline/Bold segment in the given sentence.
Every one of the participants have completed the arduous obstacle course.
- Ahas completed
- Bare completing
- Cwere completing
- Dcomplete
Show answer
Concept: 'Every one of / each of + plural noun' takes a singular verb.
- The real subject is 'every one' (singular), not 'participants'.
- So 'have completed' → 'has completed'.
- Other options change the tense or stay plural.
Trick: Cut the 'of …' phrase: 'Every one has completed' – the verb becomes clear.
Answer: (A) has completed
अवधारणा: 'Every one of / each of + बहुवचन संज्ञा' के साथ एकवचन क्रिया।
- वास्तविक कर्ता 'every one' (एकवचन) है, 'participants' नहीं।
- अतः 'have completed' → 'has completed'।
- अन्य विकल्प काल बदलते हैं या बहुवचन हैं।
ट्रिक: 'of …' भाग हटा कर पढ़ें: 'Every one has completed'।
उत्तर: (A) has completed
Directions (Qs. 93-97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
India, a nation celebrated for its vibrant diversity and economic aspirations, concurrently navigates a labyrinth of persistent social challenges that often impede its journey towards genuinely inclusive development. While significant economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty, the benefits have not been uniformly distributed, leading to widening disparities. The pervasive issue of inequality is multi-dimensional, extending beyond mere income gaps to encompass unequal access to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy. The historical stratification of society, particularly the enduring influence of the caste system, continues to perpetuate disadvantages for certain communities, despite constitutional provisions for affirmative action. Gender inequality remains another formidable barrier. Women, though increasingly visible in public life, frequently confront systemic discrimination, gender-based violence, and a significant wage gap. Their participation in the formal workforce, while growing, is still considerably lower than men’s, reflecting deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that limit opportunities and autonomy. Moreover, the strain on public health infrastructure is acute. India battles a dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition and a lack of adequate sanitation, especially in rural and urban slum areas, contribute to high rates of infant mortality and morbidity. The recent pandemic starkly exposed the vulnerabilities of an overburdened healthcare system, underscoring the urgent need for greater investment and equitable distribution of medical resources. Simultaneously, environmental degradation poses an existential threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. Rapid industrialization and urban sprawl have led to alarming levels of air and water pollution, exacerbating respiratory illnesses and contaminating vital water sources. Deforestation contributes to ecological imbalances and climate change impacts, such as extreme weather events, which disproportionately affect agricultural communities and those reliant on natural resources. These issues are interconnected, forming a vicious cycle where poverty intensifies environmental vulnerability, and environmental harm further entrenches poverty and ill-health. Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach: strengthening governance, promoting ethical leadership, fostering robust public-private partnerships, and, crucially, empowering citizens through education and genuine participation. It demands a commitment to fostering a society where progress is measured not just by economic indicators, but by the well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every single individual.
Q3193.Beyond income gaps, what are other dimensions of inequality mentioned in the passage?
- AAccess to luxury goods and international travel.
- BAccess to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy.
- CEqual participation in entertainment industries.
- DAccess to advanced scientific research.
Show answer
Concept: Locate the line on multi-dimensional inequality.
- The passage says inequality goes past income – gaps in schooling quality, health care and digital skills are named.
- Luxury goods, entertainment and research are never mentioned.
Trick: In fact questions, pick the option that repeats the passage's own nouns.
Answer: (B) Access to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy.
अवधारणा: बहुआयामी असमानता वाली पंक्ति खोजें।
- गद्यांश के अनुसार असमानता आय से आगे – गुणवत्तापूर्ण शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य और डिजिटल साक्षरता तक पहुँच में भी है।
- विलासिता, मनोरंजन, शोध का उल्लेख नहीं।
ट्रिक: तथ्य-प्रश्न में वही विकल्प चुनें जिसमें गद्यांश के अपने शब्द हों।
उत्तर: (B) Access to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy.
Directions (Qs. 93-97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
India, a nation celebrated for its vibrant diversity and economic aspirations, concurrently navigates a labyrinth of persistent social challenges that often impede its journey towards genuinely inclusive development. While significant economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty, the benefits have not been uniformly distributed, leading to widening disparities. The pervasive issue of inequality is multi-dimensional, extending beyond mere income gaps to encompass unequal access to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy. The historical stratification of society, particularly the enduring influence of the caste system, continues to perpetuate disadvantages for certain communities, despite constitutional provisions for affirmative action. Gender inequality remains another formidable barrier. Women, though increasingly visible in public life, frequently confront systemic discrimination, gender-based violence, and a significant wage gap. Their participation in the formal workforce, while growing, is still considerably lower than men’s, reflecting deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that limit opportunities and autonomy. Moreover, the strain on public health infrastructure is acute. India battles a dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition and a lack of adequate sanitation, especially in rural and urban slum areas, contribute to high rates of infant mortality and morbidity. The recent pandemic starkly exposed the vulnerabilities of an overburdened healthcare system, underscoring the urgent need for greater investment and equitable distribution of medical resources. Simultaneously, environmental degradation poses an existential threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. Rapid industrialization and urban sprawl have led to alarming levels of air and water pollution, exacerbating respiratory illnesses and contaminating vital water sources. Deforestation contributes to ecological imbalances and climate change impacts, such as extreme weather events, which disproportionately affect agricultural communities and those reliant on natural resources. These issues are interconnected, forming a vicious cycle where poverty intensifies environmental vulnerability, and environmental harm further entrenches poverty and ill-health. Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach: strengthening governance, promoting ethical leadership, fostering robust public-private partnerships, and, crucially, empowering citizens through education and genuine participation. It demands a commitment to fostering a society where progress is measured not just by economic indicators, but by the well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every single individual.
Q3194.What specific challenges do women in India frequently face, despite legislative protections?
- AOverrepresentation in political spheres.
- BSystemic discrimination, violence, and a significant wage gap.
- CExclusive access to advanced education.
- DA disproportionately high participation in the formal workforce.
Show answer
Concept: Read the gender-inequality lines.
- Women face systemic discrimination, gender-based violence and a wide wage gap.
- The passage says their formal-workforce share is lower than men's – so (D) is the reverse; (A), (C) are not stated.
Trick: Options with 'over-', 'exclusive', 'disproportionately high' contradict a passage about disadvantage.
Answer: (B) Systemic discrimination, violence, and a significant wage gap.
अवधारणा: लैंगिक असमानता वाली पंक्तियाँ पढ़ें।
- महिलाएँ व्यवस्थागत भेदभाव, लिंग-आधारित हिंसा और वेतन अंतर झेलती हैं।
- औपचारिक कार्यबल में उनकी भागीदारी पुरुषों से कम है – (D) उल्टा; (A), (C) का उल्लेख नहीं।
ट्रिक: वंचना वाले गद्यांश में 'over-', 'exclusive' जैसे शब्द वाले विकल्प प्रायः गलत होते हैं।
उत्तर: (B) Systemic discrimination, violence, and a significant wage gap.
Directions (Qs. 93-97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
India, a nation celebrated for its vibrant diversity and economic aspirations, concurrently navigates a labyrinth of persistent social challenges that often impede its journey towards genuinely inclusive development. While significant economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty, the benefits have not been uniformly distributed, leading to widening disparities. The pervasive issue of inequality is multi-dimensional, extending beyond mere income gaps to encompass unequal access to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy. The historical stratification of society, particularly the enduring influence of the caste system, continues to perpetuate disadvantages for certain communities, despite constitutional provisions for affirmative action. Gender inequality remains another formidable barrier. Women, though increasingly visible in public life, frequently confront systemic discrimination, gender-based violence, and a significant wage gap. Their participation in the formal workforce, while growing, is still considerably lower than men’s, reflecting deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that limit opportunities and autonomy. Moreover, the strain on public health infrastructure is acute. India battles a dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition and a lack of adequate sanitation, especially in rural and urban slum areas, contribute to high rates of infant mortality and morbidity. The recent pandemic starkly exposed the vulnerabilities of an overburdened healthcare system, underscoring the urgent need for greater investment and equitable distribution of medical resources. Simultaneously, environmental degradation poses an existential threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. Rapid industrialization and urban sprawl have led to alarming levels of air and water pollution, exacerbating respiratory illnesses and contaminating vital water sources. Deforestation contributes to ecological imbalances and climate change impacts, such as extreme weather events, which disproportionately affect agricultural communities and those reliant on natural resources. These issues are interconnected, forming a vicious cycle where poverty intensifies environmental vulnerability, and environmental harm further entrenches poverty and ill-health. Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach: strengthening governance, promoting ethical leadership, fostering robust public-private partnerships, and, crucially, empowering citizens through education and genuine participation. It demands a commitment to fostering a society where progress is measured not just by economic indicators, but by the well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every single individual.
Q3195.What dual burden does India's public health infrastructure battle?
- AEconomic prosperity and social stability.
- BCommunicable and non-communicable diseases.
- CUrban and rural health demands.
- DAdvanced technology and traditional medicine.
Show answer
Concept: Find the phrase 'dual burden' in the health part.
- The text names the dual burden as communicable plus non-communicable diseases.
- Urban–rural or modern–traditional pairs are not called a burden.
Yaad rakhein: Communicable = spread by germs (TB, malaria); non-communicable = lifestyle (diabetes, heart disease).
Answer: (B) Communicable and non-communicable diseases.
अवधारणा: स्वास्थ्य वाले भाग में 'dual burden' खोजें।
- गद्यांश में दोहरा बोझ = संक्रामक व गैर-संक्रामक रोग।
- शहरी–ग्रामीण या आधुनिक–पारंपरिक को बोझ नहीं कहा गया।
याद रखें: संक्रामक = टीबी, मलेरिया; गैर-संक्रामक = मधुमेह, हृदय रोग।
उत्तर: (B) Communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Directions (Qs. 93-97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
India, a nation celebrated for its vibrant diversity and economic aspirations, concurrently navigates a labyrinth of persistent social challenges that often impede its journey towards genuinely inclusive development. While significant economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty, the benefits have not been uniformly distributed, leading to widening disparities. The pervasive issue of inequality is multi-dimensional, extending beyond mere income gaps to encompass unequal access to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy. The historical stratification of society, particularly the enduring influence of the caste system, continues to perpetuate disadvantages for certain communities, despite constitutional provisions for affirmative action. Gender inequality remains another formidable barrier. Women, though increasingly visible in public life, frequently confront systemic discrimination, gender-based violence, and a significant wage gap. Their participation in the formal workforce, while growing, is still considerably lower than men’s, reflecting deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that limit opportunities and autonomy. Moreover, the strain on public health infrastructure is acute. India battles a dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition and a lack of adequate sanitation, especially in rural and urban slum areas, contribute to high rates of infant mortality and morbidity. The recent pandemic starkly exposed the vulnerabilities of an overburdened healthcare system, underscoring the urgent need for greater investment and equitable distribution of medical resources. Simultaneously, environmental degradation poses an existential threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. Rapid industrialization and urban sprawl have led to alarming levels of air and water pollution, exacerbating respiratory illnesses and contaminating vital water sources. Deforestation contributes to ecological imbalances and climate change impacts, such as extreme weather events, which disproportionately affect agricultural communities and those reliant on natural resources. These issues are interconnected, forming a vicious cycle where poverty intensifies environmental vulnerability, and environmental harm further entrenches poverty and ill-health. Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach: strengthening governance, promoting ethical leadership, fostering robust public-private partnerships, and, crucially, empowering citizens through education and genuine participation. It demands a commitment to fostering a society where progress is measured not just by economic indicators, but by the well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every single individual.
Q3196.How does environmental degradation, such as pollution and deforestation, primarily impact society in India?
- AIt benefits urban areas by attracting investment.
- BIt disproportionately affects the poorest segments and agricultural communities.
- CIt has no significant impact due to economic growth.
- DIt leads to an increase in natural resources.
Show answer
Concept: Read the environment section and see who is hurt most.
- Pollution and deforestation harm vulnerable groups; extreme weather hits farmers and resource-dependent people hardest.
- The passage adds that poverty and environmental harm feed each other.
- (A), (C), (D) claim benefits or no impact – opposite of the text.
Trick: When the passage stresses 'vulnerable' groups, the answer will name the poor/weak sections.
Answer: (B) It disproportionately affects the poorest segments and agricultural communities.
अवधारणा: पर्यावरण वाला भाग पढ़ें – सबसे अधिक प्रभावित कौन है।
- प्रदूषण और वनों की कटाई कमज़ोर वर्गों को नुकसान पहुँचाती है; चरम मौसम का सबसे अधिक असर किसानों पर।
- गरीबी और पर्यावरण-हानि एक-दूसरे को बढ़ाती हैं।
- (A), (C), (D) लाभ या 'कोई असर नहीं' कहते हैं – गद्यांश के विपरीत।
ट्रिक: गद्यांश 'vulnerable' पर ज़ोर दे तो उत्तर गरीब/कमज़ोर वर्ग वाला होगा।
उत्तर: (B) It disproportionately affects the poorest segments and agricultural communities.
Directions (Qs. 93-97): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
India, a nation celebrated for its vibrant diversity and economic aspirations, concurrently navigates a labyrinth of persistent social challenges that often impede its journey towards genuinely inclusive development. While significant economic growth has lifted millions out of poverty, the benefits have not been uniformly distributed, leading to widening disparities. The pervasive issue of inequality is multi-dimensional, extending beyond mere income gaps to encompass unequal access to quality education, healthcare, and digital literacy. The historical stratification of society, particularly the enduring influence of the caste system, continues to perpetuate disadvantages for certain communities, despite constitutional provisions for affirmative action. Gender inequality remains another formidable barrier. Women, though increasingly visible in public life, frequently confront systemic discrimination, gender-based violence, and a significant wage gap. Their participation in the formal workforce, while growing, is still considerably lower than men’s, reflecting deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that limit opportunities and autonomy. Moreover, the strain on public health infrastructure is acute. India battles a dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition and a lack of adequate sanitation, especially in rural and urban slum areas, contribute to high rates of infant mortality and morbidity. The recent pandemic starkly exposed the vulnerabilities of an overburdened healthcare system, underscoring the urgent need for greater investment and equitable distribution of medical resources. Simultaneously, environmental degradation poses an existential threat, particularly to vulnerable populations. Rapid industrialization and urban sprawl have led to alarming levels of air and water pollution, exacerbating respiratory illnesses and contaminating vital water sources. Deforestation contributes to ecological imbalances and climate change impacts, such as extreme weather events, which disproportionately affect agricultural communities and those reliant on natural resources. These issues are interconnected, forming a vicious cycle where poverty intensifies environmental vulnerability, and environmental harm further entrenches poverty and ill-health. Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach: strengthening governance, promoting ethical leadership, fostering robust public-private partnerships, and, crucially, empowering citizens through education and genuine participation. It demands a commitment to fostering a society where progress is measured not just by economic indicators, but by the well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every single individual.
Q3197.What is ultimately suggested as a measure of progress for Indian society?
- AOnly strong economic indicators.
- BThe well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every individual.
- CThe rate of industrialization and urbanization.
- DThe number of new technological advancements.
Show answer
Concept: The last sentence gives the author's yardstick of progress.
- The author says economic indicators alone are not enough.
- True progress = each person's well-being, equity and dignity.
- (A) uses 'only', which the passage rejects; (C), (D) are not mentioned as measures.
Trick: Main-idea answers usually sit in the final sentence of an argumentative passage.
Answer: (B) The well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every individual.
अवधारणा: अंतिम वाक्य लेखक का प्रगति-मापदंड बताता है।
- लेखक के अनुसार केवल आर्थिक संकेतक पर्याप्त नहीं।
- सच्ची प्रगति = हर व्यक्ति का कल्याण, समानता और गरिमा।
- (A) में 'only' है, जिसे गद्यांश नकारता है; (C), (D) का उल्लेख नहीं।
ट्रिक: तर्क-प्रधान गद्यांश का मुख्य विचार प्रायः अंतिम वाक्य में होता है।
उत्तर: (B) The well-being, equity, and dignity afforded to every individual.
Q3198.Select the correct indirect/direct form of the given sentence.
He told me that if I studied regularly, I would pass the examination.
- AHe said to me, "If you study regularly, you will pass the examination."
- BHe said to me, "Should I study regularly, I would pass the examination."
- CHe said to me, "You studied regularly, you would pass the examination."
- DHe said to me, "Had you studied regularly, you would not have failed the examination."
Show answer
Concept: Reverse the reporting changes: told → said to, past → present, would → will.
- 'He told me' → He said to me; 'I' (listener) → you.
- 'studied' → study, 'would pass' → will pass (first conditional).
Trick: Options must start with 'If you' – only (A) keeps the condition and pronoun right.
Answer: (A) He said to me, "If you study regularly, you will pass the examination."
अवधारणा: Reporting के बदलाव उलटें: told → said to, past → present, would → will।
- 'He told me' → He said to me; 'I' (सुनने वाला) → you।
- 'studied' → study, 'would pass' → will pass।
ट्रिक: उत्तर 'If you' से शुरू होना चाहिए – केवल (A)।
उत्तर: (A) He said to me, "If you study regularly, you will pass the examination."
Q3199.Select the correct indirect/direct form of the given sentence.
An old man said, "I am running out of time".
- AAn old man said that he has been running out of time.
- BAn old man said that he was running across time.
- CAn old man said that he was running out of time.
- DAn old man said that he has being run out of time.
Show answer
Concept: Past reporting verb → present continuous becomes past continuous.
- said → said that; 'I' → he.
- am running → was running; 'out of time' stays.
- Indirect: An old man said that he was running out of time.
Trick: Tense shifts one step back: is/am → was; nothing else in the idiom changes.
Answer: (C) An old man said that he was running out of time.
अवधारणा: Reporting verb भूतकाल में हो तो present continuous → past continuous।
- said → said that; 'I' → he।
- am running → was running; 'out of time' वैसा ही।
- Indirect: An old man said that he was running out of time.
ट्रिक: काल एक कदम पीछे: is/am → was; मुहावरे के शब्द नहीं बदलते।
उत्तर: (C) An old man said that he was running out of time.
Q3200.Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.
1. This leads to a complex web of interactions that influence local weather patterns.
2. The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in regulating global climate.
3. It releases vast amounts of moisture into the atmosphere through evapotranspiration.
4. Deforestation, therefore, not only destroys biodiversity but also threatens global climatic stability.
- A2-3-1-4
- B3-1-2-4
- C2-4-1-3
- D1-2-3-4
Show answer
Concept: Opener introduces the topic; pronouns and 'therefore' show what follows.
- 2 names the topic (Amazon and climate) → start.
- 3 'It releases moisture' refers back to the Amazon; 1 'This leads to…' builds on that moisture.
- 4 'therefore' gives the conclusion → 2-3-1-4.
Trick: A sentence opening with 'It/This' can never be first; 'therefore' is usually last.
Answer: (A) 2-3-1-4
अवधारणा: पहला वाक्य विषय बताता है; सर्वनाम और 'therefore' क्रम दिखाते हैं।
- 2 विषय (Amazon और जलवायु) बताता है → शुरुआत।
- 3 'It releases…' Amazon की बात; 1 'This leads to…' उसी नमी का परिणाम।
- 4 'therefore' निष्कर्ष → 2-3-1-4।
ट्रिक: 'It/This' से शुरू होने वाला वाक्य पहला नहीं हो सकता; 'therefore' प्रायः अंत में।
उत्तर: (A) 2-3-1-4
