Q&A: practice questions with answers

Concept: Inertia: a body opposes any change in its state of rest or motion.

1. Hard to start → inertia of rest.
2. Hard to stop → inertia of motion.
3. Heavier box = more mass = more inertia.

Yaad rakhein: Mass is the measure of inertia; Newton's first law is also called the law of inertia.

Answer: (C) Property of inertia

Concept: Three new criminal laws replaced colonial codes from 1 July 2024.

1. BNS 2023 replaces the IPC 1860, which defines offences and punishments — substantive criminal law.
2. BNSS replaces CrPC (procedure); BSA replaces the Evidence Act.
3. So BNS is not about evidence, contracts or civil procedure.

Trick: Match first letters: Nyaya → offences (IPC); Nagarik Suraksha → procedure (CrPC); Sakshya → evidence.

Answer: (C) Criminal Substantive Law

Concept: Check the aim and the nodal ministry separately.

1. A ✓: the Mission seeks to cut fossil-fuel imports and use by making hydrogen from renewable power.
2. R ✗: the nodal ministry is the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, not MoEFCC.
3. A true, R false.

Yaad rakhein: Target: 5 MMT green hydrogen production capacity per year by 2030 (launched January 2023).

Answer: (C) A is true, but R is false

Concept: Koli is the dance of Maharashtra's fishing community.

1. The Kolis are fisherfolk of the Konkan coast.
2. Their steps copy rowing boats, waves and casting nets.
3. Men and women dance together in groups.

Yaad rakhein: Other Maharashtra folk forms: Lavani, Tamasha, Lezim.

Answer: (B) Fisherfolk

Concept: Know which body publishes which index.

1. The Energy Transition Index (ETI) is released every year by the World Economic Forum.
2. IEA publishes the World Energy Outlook.
3. UNESCO and UNWTO have no role in energy rankings.

Yaad rakhein: WEF also publishes the Global Gender Gap Report and Global Risks Report.

Answer: (D) World Economic Forum

Concept: Consumer goods reach the final user directly.

1. Toothpaste is bought and used by households — consumer (FMCG) product.
2. Aluminium smelting and iron & steel are basic industries.
3. Machine tools are capital goods used to make other goods.

Trick: Ask 'Does a family buy it from a shop?' — yes → consumer good.

Answer: (D) Toothpaste

Concept: Special provision for Goods and Services Tax.

1. Article 246A came with the 101st Amendment Act, 2016.
2. It lets both Parliament and State Legislatures make GST laws.
3. Inter-State supply (IGST) is reserved for Parliament.

Yaad rakhein: GST came into force on 1 July 2017; the GST Council is under Article 279A.

Answer: (A) Taxation of Goods and Services

Concept: Wetland famous for Sarus Cranes.

1. Sarsai Nawar Jheel, Etawah (Uttar Pradesh), is a Ramsar site (2019).
2. It hosts the largest Sarus Crane numbers in India, living alongside farmers.
3. Keoladeo (Rajasthan) is known for migratory birds like the Siberian crane.

Yaad rakhein: Sarus Crane is the tallest flying bird and the state bird of Uttar Pradesh.

Answer: (A) Sarsai Nawar Wetland, UP

Concept: Main gases of dry air by volume.

1. Nitrogen ≈ 78%.
2. Oxygen ≈ 21%.
3. Argon ≈ 0.93%, carbon dioxide ≈ 0.04%.

Trick: Remember '78-21-1': N₂ 78, O₂ 21, everything else ≈ 1%.

Answer: (A) 21%

Concept: Supreme Court's power to transfer cases.

1. Statement 1 ✓: under Art. 139A the SC can move a case from one High Court to another, or to itself.
2. Statement 2 ✓: Art. 139A was inserted by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.
3. Both are correct.

Yaad rakhein: The 42nd Amendment (1976) is called the 'Mini Constitution'.

Answer: (D) Both 1 and 2

Concept: Turn the mixed fraction and fraction into simple numbers, then multiply.

1. $2\frac{2}{5}=\frac{12}{5}$ and $\frac{3}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$.
2. $1.2\times \frac{12}{5}=\frac{14.4}{5}=2.88$.
3. $2.88\times \frac{1}{2}=1.44$.

Trick: $\frac{12}{5}\times \frac{1}{2}=\frac{6}{5}=1.2$, so the product = $1.2\times 1.2=1.44$ — done in one look.

Answer: (C) 1.44

Concept: If every base is doubled, a sum of cubes becomes $2^3=8$ times.

1. Expression = $\frac{{0.2}^3+{0.04}^3}{{0.4}^3+{0.08}^3}$.
2. 0.4 is double 0.2, and 0.08 is double 0.04.
3. Denominator = $8\times ({0.2}^3+{0.04}^3)$.
4. Value = $\frac{1}{8}=0.125$.

Trick: Ratio of bases = 1 : 2 in both terms → answer = ${\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}^3=\frac{1}{8}$, no cubing needed.

Answer: (C) 0.125

Concept: 'Less than 1.65 m' excludes the 1.65 m row.

1. Rows used: 1.55, 1.60, 1.62 m.
2. Section A = 6 + 8 + 11 = 25.
3. Section B = 5 + 7 + 13 = 25.
4. Ratio = 25 : 25 = 1 : 1.

Trick: Spot 'less than' vs 'up to' first — it decides whether the boundary row counts.

Answer: (B) 1 : 1

Concept: Equal time ⇒ profit is shared in the ratio of capitals.

1. 40,000 : 60,000 : 80,000 = 2 : 3 : 4 (total 9 parts).
2. 1 part = $\frac{55,000}{9}=6,111.11$.
3. Aman = 3 parts = $\frac{55,000}{3}=$ ₹18,333.33.

Trick: Aman's 3 out of 9 = one-third of profit → $55,000÷3$ directly.

Answer: (A) ₹18,333.33

Concept: First pay interest on capital, then divide the balance in the capital ratio.

1. Interest: A = 10% of 50,000 = 5,000; B = 10% of 1,00,000 = 10,000.
2. Balance = $30,000-15,000=15,000$; ratio A : B = 1 : 2.
3. A's balance share = $\frac{15,000}{3}=5,000$.
4. A total = $5,000+5,000=$ ₹10,000.

Trick: Interest and balance both go in 1 : 2 here, so A simply gets $\frac{1}{3}$ of 30,000 = ₹10,000.

Answer: (B) ₹10,000

Concept: Same number of months for each product, so compare totals.

1. A = 80 + 105 + 103 = 288 → average 96.
2. B = 80 + 70 + 90 = 240 → average 80.
3. C = 155 + 145 + 120 = 420 → average 140.
4. Lowest = B.

Trick: When the count is equal, the smallest total gives the smallest average — no need to divide.

Answer: (C) B

Concept: Write each result in terms of the total $S=a+b+c$.

1. $\frac{a+b}{2}+c=\frac{S-c}{2}+c=\frac{S+c}{2}$.
2. Adding all three: $\frac{3S+S}{2}=2S$.
3. $2S=210+192+174=576\Rightarrow S=288$.
4. Average = $\frac{288}{3}=96$.

Trick: Sum of the three results = 2 × (sum of numbers) → average = total of results ÷ 6 = $576÷6=96$.

Answer: (D) 96

Concept: Percent is taken of the number of students (100).

1. Per student pack = 20% of 100 = 20 items → $100\times 20=2,000$.
2. Per chaperone pack = 25% of 100 = 25 items → $10\times 25=250$.
3. Total = $2,000+250=2,250$.

Trick: With base 100, x% of 100 = x — read the percentages directly as item counts.

Answer: (C) 2250

Concept: For ½ year after full years, use half the rate as simple interest on the amount.

1. After 2 years: $10,000\times 1.1\times 1.1=12,100$.
2. Next 6 months at 5%: $12,100\times 0.05=605$.
3. Amount = 12,705; CI = ₹2,705.

Trick: 2-year CI at 10% = 21% (2,100); add 5% of 12,100 = 605 → 2,705.

Answer: (B) ₹2,705

Concept: $P=A÷{(1+\frac{r}{100})}^n$.

1. $(1.15{)}^2=1.3225$.
2. $P=2,645÷1.3225=$ ₹2,000.
3. 140% of 2,000 = ₹2,800.

Trick: $15\%=\frac{3}{20}$ → factor ${\left(\frac{23}{20}\right)}^2=\frac{529}{400}$; $2645=5\times 529$, so $P=5\times 400=2,000$.

Answer: (B) ₹2,800