UPHESC Assistant Professor Hindi 2025 PYQs

Concept: 'Ram Satsai' of Ramsahay Das 'Bhagat' is a shringar satsai in the tradition of Bihari Satsai, despite its name.

1. Its dohas imitate Bihari's love and nayika-bhed themes.

Short trick: Name 'Ram', content shringar – Bihari's line.

Concept: George Grierson praised Bihari Satsai saying there is no comparable work in Europe.

1. Grierson also edited the Lal Chandrika commentary on Bihari Satsai.

Short trick: Grierson – Bihari Satsai unmatched in Europe.

Concept: Kumbhandas wrote this after being called to Akbar's court at Fatehpur Sikri: 'संतन को कहा सीकरी सों काम, आवत जात पनहियाँ टूटीं बिसरि गयो हरिनाम'.

1. 'Sikri' = Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar's capital – symbol of royal court.
2. 'Panahiyan' (sandals) appears in the next line, not 'Sikri'.

Short trick: Sikri = Akbar's court; Kumbhandas refused royal patronage.

Concept: Padma Singh Sharma (Bihari Satsai comparative criticism, 'Padmaparag') is a Dwivedi-era essayist/critic.

1. Kashinath Khatri, Ramashankar Vyas and Munshi Devi Prasad Munsif are writers of the Bharatendu era.

Short trick: Dwivedi era essayists: Padma Singh Sharma, Sardar Purna Singh, Chandradhar Sharma Guleri, Balmukund Gupt.

Concept: Acharya Shukla notes that Bharatendu's attention in prose first went to drama (natak) – from 'Vidyasundar' (1868) onward.

1. He wrote and translated many plays and the theory essay 'Natak' (1883).

Short trick: Bharatendu = father of modern Hindi drama.

Concept: Reportage (रिपोर्ताज) is a French word; the genre grew during World War II.

1. First Hindi reportage is usually credited to Shivdan Singh Chauhan ('Laxmipura', 1938).

Short trick: Reportage – French, like 'memoir'.

Concept: 'Dehati Duniya' (1926) is Acharya Shivpujan Sahay's novel of village life.

1. Khatri – Chandrakanta; Goswami – Tara, Lavanglata; Shrinivas Das – Pariksha Guru.

Short trick: Dehati Duniya = Shivpujan Sahay.

Concept: The line belongs to Jainendra Kumar's 'Tyagpatra' (1937), the story of Mrinal cast out by her in-laws.

1. Mrinal, abandoned by her husband, finds no place even in her maike – the quote sums up her fate.
2. Jainendra's novels examine a woman's position between home and society.

Short trick: Tyagpatra – Mrinal – sasural/maike.

Concept: Bharata's Natyashastra lists eight rasas: shringar, hasya, karuna, raudra, veer, bhayanak, vibhatsa, adbhut.

1. Shant as ninth came later (Udbhata/Abhinavagupta); vatsalya and bhakti still later.

Short trick: Bharata 8 → +shant 9 → +vatsalya, bhakti 11.

Concept: T.S. Eliot is regarded as the father of New Criticism ('Tradition and the Individual Talent', impersonality, objective correlative).

1. The term 'New Criticism' comes from J.C. Ransom's book (1941).
2. Richards gave practical criticism; Croce – expressionism; Wordsworth – romantic poetics.

Short trick: Eliot = janak; Ransom = naming.

Concept: Unmilit: two similar things merge (milit), but a cause later reveals the difference.

1. The golden champak garland merges with Sita's golden body (milit).
2. It is noticed only when it wilts on her heart – difference revealed → unmilit.

Short trick: Mixed-up = milit; then found out = un-milit.

Concept: Natyashastra (ch. 16/17) describes 36 lakshanas (bhushan, aksharasanghat, shobha …) that adorn the poetic composition.

1. Bharata also gives 4 alankaras, 10 gunas and 10 doshas.
2. 33 = vyabhichari bhavas – a common distractor.

Short trick: 36 lakshan, 33 sanchari, 4 alankar, 10 gun.

Concept: Longinus wrote 'Peri Hupsous' (On the Sublime – udatt).

1. Symposium and Republic – Plato; Poetics – Aristotle.

Short trick: Longinus = udatt = Peri Hupsous.

Concept: Surdas's pad 'मेरो मन अनत कहाँ सुख पावै, जैसे उड़ि जहाज को पंछी पुनि जहाज पै आवै' expresses detachment from the world and resting in God – nirved as sthayi bhav → shant (bhakti-shant).

1. No child (vatsalya), wonder (adbhut) or lover (shringar) is the theme.

Short trick: World-weariness + peace in Hari = shant.

Concept: Ramswaroop Chaturvedi is a 'Parimal'-group critic with a modernist, language-centred approach, not Marxist.

1. Prakash Chandra Gupta, Rangey Raghav and Ramesh Kuntal Megh are counted among Marxist/progressive critics.

Short trick: Allahabad 'Parimal' (Chaturvedi, Vijaydev Narayan Sahi) vs Pragativad.

Concept: An image (bimb) is a word-picture that appeals to the senses – sensuousness (aindriyata) is essential.

1. Images are classified as visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory – all sensory.
2. Flat statement (sapatbayani) is the opposite of imagery.

Short trick: Bimb = senses (indriya).

Concept: Shukla's criticism rests on Indian rasa theory, reinterpreted as 'lokmangal' and 'hriday ki mukt dasha' (Kavita Kya Hai, Ras Mimansa).

1. He opposed Croce's expressionism (abhivyanjanavad) as mere 'vakrokti'.

Short trick: Shukla = Ras Mimansa = rasavad.

Concept: In Biographia Literaria Coleridge divides imagination into two: primary imagination and secondary imagination.

1. Fancy is treated as a separate, lower faculty (mechanical), not a kind of imagination.

Short trick: Primary + secondary = 2; fancy is separate.

Concept: The lines are from 'मैं नीर भरी दुख की बदली', in Mahadevi Verma's 'Sandhyageet' (1936).

1. Order: Nihar (1930), Rashmi (1932), Neerja (1934), Sandhyageet (1936), Deepshikha (1942).

Short trick: Neer bhari dukh ki badli = Sandhyageet.

Concept: 'Bharat ki Aarti' ('भारत की आरती / देश-देश की स्वतंत्रता देवी / करती अभिराम आरती') is a poem by Shamsher Bahadur Singh.

1. Gupt – 'Bharat-Bharati'; Prasad – 'Arun yah madhumay desh hamara'; Bhavani Prasad Mishra – 'Geet-farosh'.

Short trick: Shamsher's patriotic lyric: Bharat ki Aarti.