UPHESC Assistant Professor Hindi 2025 PYQs

Concept: Dr. Dhirendra Verma wrote 'Brajbhasha Vyakaran' (1937), after his French thesis 'La Langue Braj'.

1. Baburam Saksena worked on Awadhi ('Evolution of Awadhi').
2. Hardev Bahri and Bholanath Tiwari are known for general Hindi linguistics/etymology, not the Braj grammar.

Short trick: Dhirendra Verma = Braj (thesis + grammar); Saksena = Awadhi.

Concept: A phrase whose head word is a noun and which works as a noun in the sentence is a noun phrase (sangya padbandh).

1. 'बंगले के पीछे लगा पेड़' is the subject of 'गिर गया'.
2. Its head word is the noun 'पेड़'; 'बंगले के पीछे लगा' only describes it.
3. So the whole group is a संज्ञा पदबंध.

Short trick: Find the head word: noun at the end of the group → noun phrase.

Concept: च, छ, ज, झ are affricates (sparsh-sangharshi): a complete closure released with friction.

1. Ka-, Ta-, ta-, pa- varga stops are pure sparsh.
2. ल is lateral (parshvik); श, ष, स, ह are fricatives (sangharshi).

Short trick: Ch-sound = 'stop + hiss' = स्पर्श संघर्षी.

Concept: The ergative postposition 'ne' belongs to Western Hindi; Eastern Hindi (Awadhi, Bagheli, Chhattisgarhi) does not use it.

1. Kauravi (Khari Boli), Braj and Bundeli are Western Hindi – 'ne' is used.
2. Bagheli is Eastern Hindi – e.g. 'ऊ कहिस' not 'उसने कहा'.

Short trick: East (Awadhi-Bagheli-Chhattisgarhi) = no 'ne'.

Concept: Kamta Prasad Guru, author of the standard 'Hindi Vyakaran' (1920, Nagari Pracharini Sabha), argued in his preface that Hindi is an independent language and Sanskrit grammar should not be forced on it.

1. Guru accepted Sanskrit terminology but framed rules from actual Hindi usage.
2. The statement is about writing Hindi grammar, which fits the grammarian among the options.

Short trick: Grammar quote → the grammarian: Kamta Prasad Guru.

Concept: Pushpadant, author of the vast 'Mahapuran' (Tisatthi-mahapurisa-gunalankar), is called the Vyas of Apabhramsha.

1. Swayambhu (Paumachariu – Rama story) is called the Valmiki of Apabhramsha.
2. Hemchandra is the grammarian (Siddha-Hem Shabdanushasan); Haribhadra wrote 'Nemināhachariu'.

Short trick: Rama-story → Valmiki (Swayambhu); huge Purana → Vyas (Pushpadant).

Concept: /क्/ is a minimal distinctive sound unit of Hindi – a phoneme (svanim).

1. It changes meaning: काल/खाल/गाल.
2. Sanswan = allophone (variant of a phoneme); rupim = morpheme (meaning unit); akshar = syllable (needs a vowel).

Short trick: Smallest meaning-distinguishing sound = स्वनिम.

Concept: Hemchandra's 'Siddha-Hem Shabdanushasan' (12th c.) has grammar of Sanskrit (7 chapters) and Prakrit-Apabhramsha (8th chapter) with illustrative dohas.

1. Padmacharit (Ravishena) is Sanskrit; Harivansh Puran (Swayambhu) and Dohakosh (Sarahapa) are Apabhramsha only.

Short trick: Hem = all three: Sanskrit + Prakrit + Apabhramsha.

Concept: The line is from Vidyapati's 'Kirtilata', written in Avahattha (late Apabhramsha).

1. Full line: 'सक्कय वाणी बहुअ न भावइ, पाउअ रस को मम्म न पावइ। देसिल बअना सब जन मिट्ठा, तें तैसन जंपओ अवहट्ठा॥'
2. Vidyapati himself names the language 'अवहट्ठा'.

Short trick: Kirtilata/Kirtipataka = Avahattha; Padavali = Maithili.

Concept: Eastern Hindi (Awadhi, Bagheli, Chhattisgarhi) developed from Ardhamagadhi Apabhramsha.

1. Shauraseni → Western Hindi, Rajasthani, Gujarati.
2. Magadhi → Bihari, Bangla, Odia, Assamese.

Short trick: East-Hindi = Ardha-Magadhi (half-way between Shauraseni and Magadhi).

Concept: Bagheli (Baghelkhand) is spoken in Rewa, Satna, Sidhi, Shahdol region.

1. Hoshangabad, Sagar – Bundeli area.
2. Bilaspur – Chhattisgarhi.

Short trick: Baghelkhand = Rewa-Satna-Sidhi-Shahdol.

Concept: 'Chakallas' (1933) is the Awadhi poetry collection of Balbhadra Prasad Dixit 'Padhees', with a preface by Nirala.

1. Ramai Kaka – 'Bauchhar'; Banshidhar Shukla – 'Kisan Panchayat' etc.

Short trick: Padhees = Chakallas (Nirala's preface).

Concept: Devanagari is a phonetic script whose signs stand for sounds (letters/varna); it is basically alphabetic (varnatmak), written in syllabic clusters.

1. Pictographic (chitratmak) scripts draw objects; symbolic/ideographic scripts stand for ideas.
2. 'Varnanatmak' (descriptive) is not a script type.

Short trick: Devanagari: one sign – one sound → वर्णात्मक (with akshar-wise writing).

Concept: 'Bharatiya Prachin Lipimala' (1894) by Mahamahopadhyay Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha is the classic Hindi work on Indian palaeography.

1. Kamta Prasad Guru – Hindi Vyakaran; S.K. Chatterji – Origin and Development of the Bengali Language; Kishoridas Vajpeyi – Hindi Shabdanushasan.

Short trick: Ojha = Lipi + Rajputana history.

Concept: Sharada (Kashmir, c. 8th–9th c.) developed from western Gupta-Brahmi, independently of Nagari.

1. Kaithi and Gujarati are Nagari-derived (Gujarati = Nagari without shirorekha).
2. Bangla is placed in the Nagari/eastern Kutila line in Hindi textbooks; Sharada is the separate north-western branch (→ Takri, Gurmukhi).

Short trick: Sharada → Takri → Gurmukhi: a separate north-western line.

Concept: Script (lipi) is the system of written signs that makes the sounds of a language visible.

1. Sound is the spoken medium; sentence and grammar are units/rules of language, not a medium of signs.

Short trick: Language heard = sound; language seen = lipi.

Concept: Devanagari largely has one sign for one sound and is read as written – its chief scientific merit.

1. Roman: 'c' = क/स, 'u' = अ/उ.
2. Persian: several letters for one sound (स = से, सीन, स्वाद).

Short trick: Nagari: 'jaisa bolo, vaisa likho'.

Concept: Unicode is a universal character-encoding standard: every character gets a unique code number (Devanagari block U+0900–U+097F).

1. It is not a typing method, but a code system – among the options 'कोडवर्ड'.

Short trick: Unicode = one unique code for every letter of every script.

Concept: Mangal, Kruti Dev and Chanakya are Devanagari fonts.

1. Mangal is a Unicode font (Windows default); Kruti Dev and Chanakya are older non-Unicode (legacy) fonts.

Short trick: Mangal = Unicode; Kruti Dev/Chanakya = legacy.

Concept: The headline (shirorekha) over letters is a feature of Devanagari.

1. Gujarati is Nagari-derived but drops the shirorekha.
2. Persian and Roman have no headline.

Short trick: Gujarati = Nagari minus the top line.