Q&A: practice questions with answers

Concept: Raja Rammohan Roy promoted a blend of Indian philosophy and modern Western education.

1. He founded the Vedanta College in Calcutta in 1825, teaching both Indian learning and Western social and physical sciences.
2. He also founded the Atmiya Sabha (1814) and Brahmo Samaj (1828). Debendranath Tagore founded the Tattvabodhini Sabha.

Yaad rakhein: Rammohan Roy – Atmiya Sabha 1814, Vedanta College 1825, Brahmo Sabha 1828.

Answer: (A) Rammohan Roy

Concept: The JMM-led INDIA bloc won the Jharkhand Assembly elections held in November 2024.

1. Hemant Soren of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) became Chief Minister (sworn in on 28 November 2024).
2. He won from the Barhait (ST) constituency in Sahebganj district.

Yaad rakhein: Jharkhand CM 2024 – Hemant Soren – JMM – Barhait.

Answer: (A) JMM, Barhait

Concept: National Milk Day is observed in India on 26 November every year.

1. It marks the birth anniversary of Dr Verghese Kurien, "Father of the White Revolution" (Operation Flood).
2. In November 2024 it was celebrated to honour India's contribution to the dairy revolution; India is the world's largest milk producer.
3. World Milk Day (FAO) is 1 June – do not confuse.

Yaad rakhein: 26 Nov = National Milk Day (Kurien) and also Constitution Day.

Answer: (C) National Milk Day

Concept: India opened its telecom sector to private players through the National Telecom Policy (NTP) 1994.

1. NTP 1994 allowed private companies into basic and cellular telephone services – the start of telecom liberalisation.
2. NTP 1999 came later and introduced the revenue-sharing licence model; NTP 2012 and the National Digital Communications Policy 2018 followed.

Yaad rakhein: Telecom chronology: 1994 (liberalisation) → 1997 (TRAI set up) → 1999 (NTP-99).

Answer: (C) 1994

Concept: The Sabarmati is a west-flowing river of western India.

1. It rises in the Aravalli Hills in Udaipur district of Rajasthan.
2. It flows south-west through Gujarat (past Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar) and falls into the Gulf of Khambhat.
3. Satpura and Vindhya ranges give rise to rivers like the Tapi and Narmada-side streams, not the Sabarmati.

Yaad rakhein: Aravalli rivers: Sabarmati, Luni, Banas, Sahibi.

Answer: (A) Aravalli Hills, Rajasthan

Concept: The Digital Agriculture Mission was approved by the Union Cabinet in September 2024 (outlay about ₹2,817 crore).

1. Statement 1 – correct: it builds Digital Public Infrastructure such as AgriStack, the Krishi Decision Support System and soil profile maps.
2. Statement 2 – wrong: AgriStack (farmers’ registry, crop sown survey, geo-referenced village maps) is created and maintained together with State Governments, not by the Centre alone.
3. Statement 3 – correct: authenticated farmer data enables digital credit, insurance and other services.

Trick: Words like "solely" or "only" in a statement are usually the trap.

Answer: (D) Only 1 and 3

Concept: Virtual memory is a memory-management technique of the operating system.

1. When RAM is full, the OS uses part of the hard disk/SSD (page file or swap space) as if it were RAM.
2. So programs larger than physical RAM can run – it extends RAM, not storage or cache.
3. It is slower than real RAM because the disk is slower.

Yaad rakhein: Virtual memory = RAM + disk space (paging/swapping).

Answer: (D) To extend RAM capacity by using disk space

Concept: A salt of a strong acid and a weak base gives an acidic solution on hydrolysis.

1. NH₄Cl = HCl (strong acid) + NH₄OH (weak base) → NH₄⁺ hydrolyses to give H₃O⁺, so the solution is slightly acidic (pH below 7).
2. Na₂CO₃ and CH₃COONa (strong base + weak acid) are basic; NH₄CH₃COO (weak acid + weak base) is nearly neutral.

Trick: The "stronger parent" decides the nature: strong acid parent → acidic salt solution.

Answer: (B) NH₄Cl

Concept: The Economic Survey 2024-25 noted India’s Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) at about 0.64% of GDP.

1. This is low compared with countries like China (about 2.4%) and the USA (about 3.5%).
2. The Survey called for greater private-sector participation in R&D.

Yaad rakhein: India R&D ≈ 0.64% of GDP – "less than 1%".

Answer: (C) 0.64%

Concept: The CCPI is published by Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute and CAN.

1. CCPI 2025 (released at COP29, November 2024) evaluated 63 countries plus the EU, together covering over 90% of global emissions.
2. India was ranked 10th; the top three places were again left empty.

Yaad rakhein: CCPI: 63 countries + EU; top 3 ranks blank.

Answer: (D) 63

Concept: India and the UK relaunched FTA talks in early 2025 and moved quickly towards a deal.

1. As of April 2025, reports stated that about 90% of the India-UK FTA had been finalised.
2. The negotiations were concluded on 6 May 2025, and the agreement (CETA) was signed in July 2025.

Yaad rakhein: India-UK FTA: ~90% done (Apr 2025) → concluded 6 May 2025.

Answer: (A) 90%

Concept: BOBP-IGO (Bay of Bengal Programme Inter-Governmental Organisation) works on sustainable fisheries; members are India, Bangladesh, Maldives and Sri Lanka, with HQ in Chennai.

1. In 2025, Bangladesh assumed the chairmanship of BOBP-IGO, taking over from India.

Yaad rakhein: BOBP-IGO: HQ Chennai; chair 2025 – Bangladesh.

Answer: (D) Bangladesh

Concept: Article 32 is itself a Fundamental Right – the right to constitutional remedies.

1. Under it, the Supreme Court issues writs (habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, quo warranto) only to enforce Fundamental Rights.
2. Directive Principles are non-justiciable, so they cannot be enforced by writs; Centre–State disputes come under Article 131.

Yaad rakhein: Dr. Ambedkar called Article 32 the "heart and soul" of the Constitution.

Answer: (C) To protect Fundamental Rights

Concept: Original jurisdiction in federal disputes is under Article 131; writ jurisdiction is under Article 32.

1. Article 131: disputes between Centre and States, or between States, can be heard only by the Supreme Court – this jurisdiction is exclusive.
2. Article 32 writ jurisdiction is shared: High Courts can also issue writs under Article 226 (even wider – for legal rights too). So writ jurisdiction is concurrent.
3. Federal-dispute jurisdiction is not advisory (advisory jurisdiction is Article 143); it is not suo motu, and both are not split as civil/criminal.

Yaad rakhein: Art 131 = exclusive; Art 32 = concurrent with Art 226; Art 143 = advisory.

Answer: (C) Federal dispute jurisdiction is exclusive to SC, while writ jurisdiction is concurrent with High Courts.

Concept: China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a global infrastructure-investment programme launched in 2013.

1. In February 2025, Panama announced it would not renew its 2017 BRI agreement, becoming the first Latin American country to exit the BRI.
2. The move followed US pressure over Chinese influence near the Panama Canal.

Yaad rakhein: Panama (2017 joined → 2025 exited) – first in Latin America.

Answer: (D) Panama

Concept: Subordinate courts are divided into civil and criminal sides.

1. Civil courts (District Judge, Civil Judge/Munsiff) handle disputes on property, contracts, money recovery, etc.
2. Criminal courts try offences; revenue courts deal with land revenue and tenancy; family courts handle marriage and custody matters.

Yaad rakhein: Civil = rights and property; Criminal = crime and punishment.

Answer: (A) Civil Courts

Concept: The Slide Master is the top slide in the slide-layout hierarchy (View → Slide Master).

1. It stores the theme, fonts, colours, background, placeholders and layouts; a change there updates every slide.
2. Animations/transitions are set from their own tabs; exporting images is done with Save As/Export.

Yaad rakhein: Master = one change, all slides.

Answer: (A) To apply consistent formatting, fonts, and layouts to all slides

Concept: Raja Ram Mohan Roy founded the Brahmo Samaj (1828), which rejected caste barriers and idol worship.

1. He fought for social reform through law – most famously the abolition of Sati (1829) – and opposed caste rigidity, supporting inter-caste unions.
2. The Brahmo movement he began led to the Native Marriage Act, 1872, which legalised inter-caste and inter-religious marriages.
3. Pandita Ramabai worked for widows’ education; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for Muslim modern education.

Yaad rakhein: Brahmo Samaj → Act of 1872 (civil, inter-caste marriages).

Answer: (C) Raja Ram Mohan Roy

Concept: If $a_1{x}^2+b_{1}x+c_1=0$ and $a_2{x}^2+b_{2}x+c_2=0$ have both roots common, then $\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{b_1}{b_2}=\frac{c_1}{c_2}$.

1. $\frac{2}{3}=\frac{K}{4}=\frac{8}{12}$
2. $\frac{8}{12}=\frac{2}{3}$ ✓ (consistent)
3. $\frac{K}{4}=\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow K=\frac{8}{3}$

Trick: Both roots common ⇒ the two equations are multiples of each other.

Answer: (A) $\frac{8}{3}$

Concept: Supplementary angles add up to ${180}^{\circ }$.

1. Let smaller angle $=x$, larger $=x+{28}^{\circ }$.
2. $x+x+{28}^{\circ }={180}^{\circ }\Rightarrow 2x={152}^{\circ }$
3. $x={76}^{\circ }$ (larger $={104}^{\circ }$)

Trick: Smaller $=\frac{{180}^{\circ }-\text{difference}}{2}=\frac{180-28}{2}={76}^{\circ }$

Answer: (A) ${76}^{\circ }$