Q&A: practice questions with answers

Concept: File Explorer has a Search box (top-right) that finds files by name, type, date or content inside the open folder and its sub-folders.

1. Typing a part of the file name instantly filters the large folder to matching items.
2. Right-click → Delete removes a file; Task Manager handles running programs and processes; Control Panel changes system settings – none of them locate files.

Trick: Shortcut: Ctrl + E or F3 in File Explorer jumps to the Search box.

Answer: (A) Search box in File Explorer

Concept: Article 233 of the Constitution deals with the appointment of District Judges.

1. Appointment, posting and promotion of District Judges in a State are made by the Governor of the State in consultation with the High Court of that State.
2. The President appoints judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, not District Judges.

Yaad rakhein: Art. 233 – District Judge – Governor + High Court.

Answer: (C) Governor of the state

Concept: The Delhi government led by Chief Minister Rekha Gupta completed 100 days in office in 2025.

1. To mark it, the government released a report card titled 'Kaam Karne Wali Sarkar: 100 Din Seva Ke', listing its achievements and decisions of the first 100 days.
2. No new metro line, universal basic income or new legislative building was the highlight of this report.

Yaad rakhein: '100 Din' report = report card of achievements.

Answer: (D) Presentation of a report card highlighting achievements

Concept: The Citizenship Act, 1955 lays down five ways to acquire Indian citizenship.

1. They are: by birth, by descent, by registration, by naturalisation and by incorporation of territory.
2. Adoption is not a separate mode of acquiring citizenship under the Act.

Yaad rakhein: 5 modes: B-D-R-N-I (Birth, Descent, Registration, Naturalisation, Incorporation).

Answer: (B) By adoption

Concept: India started granting 'classical language' status in 2004 with Tamil.

1. Sanskrit was the second, declared in 2005.
2. Telugu and Kannada followed in 2008, Malayalam in 2013 and Odia in 2014; in 2024 Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese and Bengali were added (total 11).

Yaad rakhein: Order: Tamil 2004 → Sanskrit 2005 → Telugu, Kannada 2008 → Malayalam 2013 → Odia 2014 → five more 2024.

Answer: (C) Sanskrit

Concept: Judicial activism means the judiciary takes an active, voluntary role to protect rights and public interest, going beyond merely applying the law.

1. Public Interest Litigation (PIL), suo motu cognisance of issues and directions to the government (e.g. Vishaka guidelines) are examples.
2. Passive interpretation and strict enforcement only are the opposite – judicial restraint.

Trick: Activism = active + voluntary (PIL); Restraint = passive.

Answer: (C) Voluntary interference by the judiciary in public interest

Concept: Metcalfe House, Delhi is a DRDO campus.

1. In May 2025 Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated DRDO's Quantum Technology Research Centre (QTRC) there.
2. The centre works on quantum communication, quantum sensing and related technologies for defence.

Yaad rakhein: Metcalfe House = DRDO; ISRO HQ is Bengaluru, BARC is Mumbai.

Answer: (B) Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)

Concept: The Tendulkar Committee (2009) changed India's poverty line method.

1. It moved away from the calorie-intake norm (used by the Lakdawala method) and measured poverty by monthly per-capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) on a basket including food, health and education.
2. By this method poverty in 2011–12 was 21.9%; the poverty line was ₹27 (rural) and ₹33 (urban) per person per day.

Yaad rakhein: Lakdawala – calorie; Tendulkar – consumption expenditure basket; Rangarajan – revised the Tendulkar line upward.

Answer: (C) Consumption expenditure

Concept: Biogas (mainly methane) is produced by anaerobic digestion of cattle dung and organic waste in a digester.

1. In rural India small family-size plants supply clean gas mainly for household cooking and lighting, replacing firewood and dung cakes.
2. The leftover slurry is used as manure; quantities are too small for industry, transport or smelting.

Yaad rakhein: Biogas ≈ 50–75% methane; 'gobar gas' for the rural kitchen.

Answer: (B) Household cooking and lighting

Concept: A Conservation Reserve is a protected area notified under Section 36A of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

1. In 2025 Himachal Pradesh notified the Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve in the Spiti region of Lahaul-Spiti district – the largest protected area of the state.
2. It protects the cold-desert habitat of the snow leopard, along with Tibetan wolf, kiang and other high-altitude species.

Yaad rakhein: Tsarap Chu – Spiti (HP) – snow leopard.

Answer: (B) Himachal Pradesh to secure snow leopard habitats

Concept: The 97th Academy Awards (Oscars) were held on 2 March 2025 in Los Angeles.

1. 'Anora', directed by Sean Baker, won Best Picture; Baker also won Best Director, and Mikey Madison won Best Actress for it.
2. Adrien Brody won Best Actor for 'The Brutalist', which did not win Best Picture.

Yaad rakhein: 97th Oscars: Anora – 5 awards incl. Best Picture.

Answer: (A) Anora

Concept: Vadhavan Port is a greenfield, all-weather deep-draft major port being built near Dahanu in Palghar district, Maharashtra.

1. It is developed by Vadhavan Port Project Ltd (JNPA and Maharashtra Maritime Board); PM Modi laid its foundation stone in August 2024.
2. With natural depth of about 20 m, it will handle the largest container ships and be among the world's top ten ports.

Yaad rakhein: Vadhavan – Palghar – Maharashtra (India's 13th major port).

Answer: (B) Maharashtra

Concept: Most peninsular rivers flow east into the Bay of Bengal; only a few flow west into the Arabian Sea.

1. The Narmada rises at Amarkantak (Anuppur, MP) and flows westward through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges into the Gulf of Khambhat.
2. The Son also rises near Amarkantak but flows north-east to the Ganga; the Tapi rises at Multai (Betul) and the Godavari at Trimbakeshwar (Nashik).

Yaad rakhein: Amarkantak → Narmada (west) + Son (north-east); westward rift-valley pair = Narmada & Tapi.

Answer: (B) Narmada

Concept: Gitanjali ('Song Offerings') is a collection of poems by Rabindranath Tagore.

1. It was originally written in Bengali and published in 1910.
2. Tagore's own English translation (1912) led to the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 – the first for an Asian. The English version is a translation, not the original.

Yaad rakhein: Gitanjali: Bengali 1910 → English 1912 → Nobel 1913.

Answer: (D) Bengali

Concept: NITI Aayog released the first Fiscal Health Index (FHI) in January 2025.

1. It ranks 18 major States on five sub-indices: quality of expenditure, revenue mobilisation, fiscal prudence, debt index and debt sustainability (data of 2022–23).
2. Odisha topped the index, followed by Chhattisgarh and Goa.

Yaad rakhein: NITI Aayog indices: SDG India Index, Export Preparedness Index, Fiscal Health Index.

Answer: (C) NITI Aayog

Concept: For decimals, make the decimal places equal, find the LCM of the numbers without the decimal point, then put back the same number of decimal places.

1. Write both with 2 decimal places: $10.80$ and $0.06$ → $1080$ and $6$.
2. $\text{LCM}(1080,6)=1080$ (since $1080÷6=180$).
3. Put back 2 decimal places: $10.80=10.8$.

Trick: If the larger number is a multiple of the smaller ($10.8÷0.06=180$), the LCM is the larger number itself.

Answer: (A) $10.8$

Concept: Simplify the bracket first, open brackets by multiplying, then combine like terms.

1. $\frac{6}{3}=2$, so the first part is $3(2x^2-21x+18)=6x^2-63x+54$.
2. Second part: $-6(x^2+5x-18)=-6x^2-30x+108$.
3. Add: $x^2$ terms $6x^2-6x^2=0$; $x$ terms $-63x-30x=-93x$; constants $54+108=162$.
4. Result: $-93x+162$.

Trick: Watch the sign: $-6\times (-18)=+108$, so the constant is positive and $x$-term negative → only (D) fits.

Answer: (D) $-93x+162$

Concept: In 'buy $x$ get $y$ free', the customer takes $x+y$ items but pays for $x$; the free items are the discount: $\text{Discount}\%=\frac{y}{x+y}\times 100$.

1. Buy 5, get 3 free → total items $=5+3=8$.
2. Free items $=3$ out of $8$.
3. $\text{Discount}\%=\frac{3}{8}\times 100=37.5\%$.

Trick: $\frac{\text{free}}{\text{total taken}}$ – never divide by items paid ($\frac{3}{5}=60\%$ is the trap).

Answer: (D) $37.5\%$

Concept: $\text{Average}=\frac{\text{Sum of observations}}{\text{Number of observations}}$.

1. Sum $=40+49+56+75+36=256\text{kg}$.
2. Number of members $=5$.
3. Average $=\frac{256}{5}=51.2\text{kg}$.

Trick: Assume 50: deviations $-10,-1,+6,+25,-14$ sum to $+6$; $50+\frac{6}{5}=51.2$.

Answer: (D) $51.2\text{kg}$

Concept: For the same time period, profit is shared in the ratio of investments.

1. Brijesh's share $=\frac{4400}{16000}=\frac{11}{40}$; Kushal's share $=\frac{40-11}{40}=\frac{29}{40}$.
2. So investments are in ratio $29:11$, total $40$ parts $=₹75100$.
3. Difference $=29-11=18$ parts $=\frac{18}{40}\times 75100=₹33795$.

Trick: Difference of investments = total investment × $\frac{\text{difference of profit shares}}{\text{total profit}}=75100\times \frac{7200}{16000}$.

Answer: (D) ₹$33,795$