UPHESC Assistant Professor B.Ed PYQs

Concept: QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) has four members: India, USA, Japan, Australia.

1. It began after the 2004 tsunami and was revived in 2017 for a free and open Indo-Pacific.
2. South Korea is not a member.

Short trick: QUAD = 4 = JAIU (Japan, Australia, India, USA).

Concept: Flanders’ Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS) records classroom verbal behaviour objectively.

1. An observer codes every 3 seconds into 10 categories (7 teacher talk, 2 pupil talk, 1 silence/confusion).
2. A matrix gives indices like I/D ratio – free of the observer’s opinion.
3. Rating scales involve subjective judgement.

Short trick: FIACS – 10 categories, every 3 seconds → objective.

Concept: A pictograph shows data with pictures/symbols, each symbol standing for a fixed number of units.

1. Bar graph – bars of proportional length.
2. Pie chart – sectors of a circle.
3. Line graph – points joined by lines.

Short trick: Picto = picture → symbols.

Concept: The World Conference on Education for All was held at Jomtien, Thailand, in March 1990 (UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP, World Bank).

1. It adopted the World Declaration on EFA.
2. Follow-up: World Education Forum, Dakar (Senegal), 2000.

Short trick: EFA: Jomtien 1990 → Dakar 2000.

Concept: UGC decentralised its work by opening six regional offices in 1994-95.

1. Offices: Pune (WRO), Hyderabad (SERO), Kolkata (ERO), Bhopal (CRO), Guwahati (NERO), Bengaluru (SWRO).
2. A Northern Regional College Bureau works from Delhi itself.

Short trick: Six regional offices – mid-nineties, 1994-95.

Concept: Purposive (judgement) sampling is a non-probability method – the researcher deliberately picks units.

1. Stratified – random selection within each stratum.
2. Multi-stage – random selection at successive stages.
3. Systematic – random start, then every k-th unit.

Short trick: Purposive = by purpose/judgement, not by chance.

Concept: Bit (binary digit, 0 or 1) is the smallest unit of data.

1. 8 bits = 1 byte, usually one character.
2. A word is a group of bytes (16/32/64 bits) handled together by the CPU.

Short trick: Bit < Nibble (4) < Byte (8) < Word.

Concept: IP = Internet Protocol – the rule set for addressing and routing data packets.

1. Each device has an IP address (IPv4 32-bit, IPv6 128-bit).
2. TCP/IP together form the base of the internet.
3. A service provider is ISP, not IP.

Short trick: TCP/IP – P is always Protocol.

Concept: Blu-ray is a removable optical disc – a secondary, external storage medium (25 GB single layer).

1. It is not internal memory like RAM/ROM or a built-in hard disk.
2. It is read by a blue-violet laser (405 nm), hence the name.

Short trick: CD, DVD, Blu-ray, pen drive = removable external storage.

Concept: A scanner converts a printed image/document into digital form – an input device.

1. Printer and plotter give hard-copy output.
2. VDU (visual display unit/monitor) gives soft-copy output.

Short trick: Scanner scans IN; printer prints OUT.

Concept: The Indian Council (Board) for Child Welfare was set up in 1952 as a national voluntary body for child welfare.

1. It runs crèches, balwadis and the National Bravery Awards for children.
2. The Central Social Welfare Board followed in 1953; 1947 and 1950 are independence and Republic years.

Short trick: Child Welfare 1952 → Social Welfare Board 1953.

Concept: The Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995 came into force on 7 February 1996.

1. Passed by Parliament in December 1995, it was notified from 7 Feb 1996.
2. It listed 7 disabilities and reserved 3% posts; it was replaced by the RPwD Act, 2016 (21 disabilities).

Short trick: PWD 1995 → in force 7-2-1996.

Concept: NPE 1986 recommended a District Institute of Education and Training (DIET) in every district.

1. DIETs give pre-service and in-service training to elementary teachers and adult-education workers.
2. They were set up under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Teacher Education (1987).

Short trick: 1986 → DIET, Operation Blackboard, Navodaya.

Concept: Orientation and refresher courses update teachers already in service.

1. Pre-service education prepares candidates before appointment (B.Ed., D.El.Ed.).
2. UGC Academic Staff Colleges (now HRDCs) run orientation and refresher courses for working college teachers.
3. They are not limited to teacher-education faculty alone.

Short trick: Refresh = already in service.

Concept: NCTE’s NCFTE 2009 is subtitled “Towards Preparing Professional and Humane Teacher”.

1. It followed NCF 2005 and the RTE Act 2009.
2. It called for a 2-year B.Ed., reflective practice and longer internship.

Short trick: NCFTE 2009 = Professional + Humane (both words).

Concept: In teacher-education texts this statement is linked with the Kothari (Education) Commission 1964-66, which treated the professional growth of teachers as a continuous process – a teacher must keep learning throughout the career.

1. The Commission recommended large-scale in-service education, so that every teacher would get about two to three months of in-service training in every five years.
2. The idea behind it: teaching stays alive and fresh only when the teacher periodically becomes a learner again.
3. Of the bodies listed, this emphasis on continuing in-service education for every teacher is the hallmark of the Kothari Commission.

Short trick: Kothari = in-service education every five years – the teacher too is a lifelong learner.

Concept: Operation Blackboard (1987, from NPE 1986) aimed to provide minimum essential facilities in every primary school.

1. At least two (later three) all-weather rooms, two teachers (one a woman), blackboards, maps, toys, library.
2. It was later extended to upper primary schools.

Short trick: Blackboard → basic facilities → primary schools.

Concept: NCTE prepared the National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education in 2009.

1. 1995 is the year of the NCTE Act (statutory NCTE from 1993 Act, in force 1995).
2. 2005 is NCF for school education by NCERT.
3. Earlier NCTE drafts were 1978, 1988 and 1998.

Short trick: NCF 2005 (NCERT, school) → NCFTE 2009 (NCTE, teachers).

Concept: In Indian teacher-education texts this line is quoted with C. V. Good, editor of the Dictionary of Education, the standard source for the meaning and function of teacher education.

1. Good defines teacher education as all the formal and non-formal activities and experiences that help to qualify a person to assume the responsibilities of a member of the teaching profession – in short, its function is to produce good teachers.
2. B. O. Smith is known for Teachers for the Real World (1969); John Ruskin was an art critic and social thinker, not a writer on teacher education.

Short trick: Meaning/function of teacher education → C. V. Good's Dictionary of Education.

Concept: Francis Bacon (1597, Meditationes Sacrae) wrote “ipsa scientia potestas est” – knowledge itself is power.

1. Bacon is the father of the inductive/empirical method and of sense-realism in education.
2. Socrates: “Knowledge is virtue”.

Short trick: Bacon – Knowledge is Power; Socrates – Knowledge is Virtue.