UPHESC Assistant Professor Hindi 2025 PYQs

Concept: Unmilit: two similar things merge (milit), but a cause later reveals the difference.

1. The golden champak garland merges with Sita's golden body (milit).
2. It is noticed only when it wilts on her heart – difference revealed → unmilit.

Short trick: Mixed-up = milit; then found out = un-milit.

Concept: Natyashastra (ch. 16/17) describes 36 lakshanas (bhushan, aksharasanghat, shobha …) that adorn the poetic composition.

1. Bharata also gives 4 alankaras, 10 gunas and 10 doshas.
2. 33 = vyabhichari bhavas – a common distractor.

Short trick: 36 lakshan, 33 sanchari, 4 alankar, 10 gun.

Concept: Longinus wrote 'Peri Hupsous' (On the Sublime – udatt).

1. Symposium and Republic – Plato; Poetics – Aristotle.

Short trick: Longinus = udatt = Peri Hupsous.

Concept: Surdas's pad 'मेरो मन अनत कहाँ सुख पावै, जैसे उड़ि जहाज को पंछी पुनि जहाज पै आवै' expresses detachment from the world and resting in God – nirved as sthayi bhav → shant (bhakti-shant).

1. No child (vatsalya), wonder (adbhut) or lover (shringar) is the theme.

Short trick: World-weariness + peace in Hari = shant.

Concept: Ramswaroop Chaturvedi is a 'Parimal'-group critic with a modernist, language-centred approach, not Marxist.

1. Prakash Chandra Gupta, Rangey Raghav and Ramesh Kuntal Megh are counted among Marxist/progressive critics.

Short trick: Allahabad 'Parimal' (Chaturvedi, Vijaydev Narayan Sahi) vs Pragativad.

Concept: An image (bimb) is a word-picture that appeals to the senses – sensuousness (aindriyata) is essential.

1. Images are classified as visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory – all sensory.
2. Flat statement (sapatbayani) is the opposite of imagery.

Short trick: Bimb = senses (indriya).

Concept: Shukla's criticism rests on Indian rasa theory, reinterpreted as 'lokmangal' and 'hriday ki mukt dasha' (Kavita Kya Hai, Ras Mimansa).

1. He opposed Croce's expressionism (abhivyanjanavad) as mere 'vakrokti'.

Short trick: Shukla = Ras Mimansa = rasavad.

Concept: In Biographia Literaria Coleridge divides imagination into two: primary imagination and secondary imagination.

1. Fancy is treated as a separate, lower faculty (mechanical), not a kind of imagination.

Short trick: Primary + secondary = 2; fancy is separate.

Concept: The lines are from 'मैं नीर भरी दुख की बदली', in Mahadevi Verma's 'Sandhyageet' (1936).

1. Order: Nihar (1930), Rashmi (1932), Neerja (1934), Sandhyageet (1936), Deepshikha (1942).

Short trick: Neer bhari dukh ki badli = Sandhyageet.

Concept: 'Bharat ki Aarti' ('भारत की आरती / देश-देश की स्वतंत्रता देवी / करती अभिराम आरती') is a poem by Shamsher Bahadur Singh.

1. Gupt – 'Bharat-Bharati'; Prasad – 'Arun yah madhumay desh hamara'; Bhavani Prasad Mishra – 'Geet-farosh'.

Short trick: Shamsher's patriotic lyric: Bharat ki Aarti.

Concept: Hazari Prasad Dwivedi ('Kabir', 1942) presents Kabir as a bhakta whose sadhana centres on prem-leela (loving devotion to Ram), not mere yoga or mysticism.

1. Ramkumar Verma stressed Kabir's mysticism (rahasyavad); Parashuram Chaturvedi placed him in the Sant tradition.

Short trick: Dwivedi: Kabir – 'bhakta' first; prem is the centre.

Concept: Acharya Shukla ('Goswami Tulsidas') argued that Tulsi's 'svantah sukhay' is in fact for the good of others – his lokmangal view of poetry.

1. For Shukla the poet's heart is one with the 'lok-hriday', so self-delight becomes delight of all.

Short trick: Shukla = lokmangal → svantah = parantah sukhay.

Concept: Prasad's first story 'Gram' was published in 'Indu' (1911), the magazine of his nephew Ambika Prasad Gupt.

1. 'Gram' is often cited as an early original modern Hindi story.

Short trick: Prasad – Indu – Gram (1911).

Concept: 'Punarnava' (1973) is set in the Gupta age (4th century, Samudragupta).

1. Banbhatt ki Atmakatha – 7th c. (Harsha); Charuchandra Lekh – 12th–13th c. (Satvahan/Siddhas); Anamdas ka Potha – Upanishadic Raikva story.

Short trick: Punarnava = Gupta 4th c.; Banbhatt = Harsha 7th c.

Concept: 'Sindoor ki Holi' is the problem play of Lakshminarayan Mishra, published in 1934 – none of the printed years is correct.

1. Mishra's problem plays: Sanyasi (1929), Rakshas ka Mandir (1931), Mukti ka Rahasya (1932), Sindoor ki Holi (1934), Aadhi Raat (1934).
2. All options (1961–1967) are three decades too late, so the question is treated as a bonus.

Short trick: Mishra's problem plays = 1929–1934.

Concept: Renu took the title from Pant's poem 'Bharat Mata': 'भारत माता ग्रामवासिनी … धूल भरा मैला सा आँचल'.

1. Maila Anchal (1954) – first regional (anchalik) novel of Hindi.

Short trick: Pant's Bharat Mata → 'maila sa anchal'.

Concept: 'Dhokha' is a lively essay of Pratap Narayan Mishra (editor of 'Brahman').

1. His other essays: Bat, Bhaun, Dant, Khushamad, Aap, Budhapa.

Short trick: PNM writes on everyday words: Dhokha, Bat, Bhaun, Dant.

Concept: Dhokha, Khushamad and Bat are Pratap Narayan Mishra's essays; 'Dharm aur Samaj' is not his.

1. PNM picked homely topics (Bat, Bhaun, Dant, Khushamad) in a witty style.

Short trick: Light everyday titles = PNM.

Concept: Balmukund Gupt's satirical letters 'Shivshambhu ke Chitthe' (Bharatmitra, 1903–05) addressed Lord Curzon.

1. They attacked Curzon's policies including the partition of Bengal.

Short trick: Gupt – Bharatmitra – Curzon.

Concept: Bharatendu delivered 'Bharatvarsh ki Unnati Kaise Ho Sakti Hai' at the Dadri fair, Ballia, in November 1884.

1. He died in January 1885, so it is one of his last public speeches.

Short trick: Ballia 1884 – a year before his death (1885).