UPHESC Assistant Professor Hindi 2025 PYQs

Concept: Webdunia, the first Hindi web portal, was launched from Indore on 23 September 1999.

1. It was started by Vinay Chhajlani (Nai Dunia group).

Short trick: Webdunia = 1999 (Nai Dunia, Indore).

Concept: Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha was founded by Mahatma Gandhi in 1918 (Madras/Chennai).

1. Its first pracharak was Devdas Gandhi.
2. 1936 – Rashtrabhasha Prachar Samiti, Wardha.

Short trick: Gandhi 1918 Chennai; Wardha 1936.

Concept: 'Gaveshana' is the research journal of the Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, Agra.

1. Hindustani Academy – 'Hindustani'; UP Hindi Sansthan – 'Sahitya Bharati'; Sahitya Akademi – 'Samkaleen Bharatiya Sahitya'.

Short trick: Gaveshana (research) = Agra.

Concept: 'Vani' means the sayings of Nirgun saints; 'Vani-Sahitya ka Itihas' is by Dr. Rameshchandra Mishra, scholar of Sant literature.

1. Rameshchandra Shah – novelist/essayist; Paramanand Shrivastava – modern poetry critic.

Short trick: Sant 'vani' → Rameshchandra Mishra.

Concept: Bisaldev Raso (Narpati Nalh) is a lyrical viraha/love poem about Bisaldev and Rajmati.

1. Khuman Raso, Prithviraj Raso – heroic (vir) with love episodes.
2. Kirtilata – praise of Kirti Singh (vir/historical).

Short trick: Bisaldev = Rajmati's viraha (like a barahmasa).

Concept: Dr. Ramswaroop Chaturvedi called Chhayavad 'shakti kavya' (poetry of power/energy).

1. Other views: Shukla – 'shaili-vishesh'; Nagendra – 'sthool ke prati sookshm ka vidroh'; Namvar – 'rashtriya jagaran ki kavyatmak abhivyakti'.

Short trick: Ramswaroop → 'shakti kavya'.

Concept: Dr. George Bühler, on finding 'Prithviraj Vijay' (Kashmir, 1875), first declared Prithviraj Raso unhistorical.

1. Later Kaviraj Shyamaldas, Gaurishankar Ojha, Shukla also called it unhistorical.
2. James Tod treated it as history; Nahta held it partly authentic.

Short trick: Bühler + Prithviraj Vijay (1875) = first doubt.

Concept: Acharya Ramchandra Shukla (Hindi Sahitya ka Itihas, on Bihari): 'यदि प्रबंधकाव्य एक विस्तृत वनस्थली है तो मुक्तक एक चुना हुआ गुलदस्ता है।'

1. Shukla also said Bihari's dohas are 'chhote-chhote ras ke chhinte'.
2. He used it to praise Bihari's compression in muktak.

Short trick: Vanasthali vs guldasta = Shukla on Bihari.

Concept: Ashtachhap: Surdas, Kumbhandas, Paramanand Das, Krishnadas (Vallabhacharya's disciples) + Nanddas, Chaturbhujdas, Chhitswami, Govindswami (Vitthalnath's disciples).

1. Dharmdas was a disciple of Kabir (Nirgun Sant), founder of the Chhattisgarhi branch of Kabirpanth.

Short trick: 'Sur-Kumbhan-Paramanand-Krishna; Nand-Chaturbhuj-Chhit-Govind'.

Concept: George A. Grierson held that Bhakti arose under Christian influence (via Nestorian Christians in South India).

1. Shukla – reaction of a defeated people (Islamic rule).
2. Hazari Prasad Dwivedi – natural development of Indian thought ('bijli ki chamak ki tarah').

Short trick: Grierson = Christian; Shukla = hatasha; Dwivedi = Indian tradition.

Concept: 'Ram Satsai' of Ramsahay Das 'Bhagat' is a shringar satsai in the tradition of Bihari Satsai, despite its name.

1. Its dohas imitate Bihari's love and nayika-bhed themes.

Short trick: Name 'Ram', content shringar – Bihari's line.

Concept: George Grierson praised Bihari Satsai saying there is no comparable work in Europe.

1. Grierson also edited the Lal Chandrika commentary on Bihari Satsai.

Short trick: Grierson – Bihari Satsai unmatched in Europe.

Concept: Kumbhandas wrote this after being called to Akbar's court at Fatehpur Sikri: 'संतन को कहा सीकरी सों काम, आवत जात पनहियाँ टूटीं बिसरि गयो हरिनाम'.

1. 'Sikri' = Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar's capital – symbol of royal court.
2. 'Panahiyan' (sandals) appears in the next line, not 'Sikri'.

Short trick: Sikri = Akbar's court; Kumbhandas refused royal patronage.

Concept: Padma Singh Sharma (Bihari Satsai comparative criticism, 'Padmaparag') is a Dwivedi-era essayist/critic.

1. Kashinath Khatri, Ramashankar Vyas and Munshi Devi Prasad Munsif are writers of the Bharatendu era.

Short trick: Dwivedi era essayists: Padma Singh Sharma, Sardar Purna Singh, Chandradhar Sharma Guleri, Balmukund Gupt.

Concept: Acharya Shukla notes that Bharatendu's attention in prose first went to drama (natak) – from 'Vidyasundar' (1868) onward.

1. He wrote and translated many plays and the theory essay 'Natak' (1883).

Short trick: Bharatendu = father of modern Hindi drama.

Concept: Reportage (रिपोर्ताज) is a French word; the genre grew during World War II.

1. First Hindi reportage is usually credited to Shivdan Singh Chauhan ('Laxmipura', 1938).

Short trick: Reportage – French, like 'memoir'.

Concept: 'Dehati Duniya' (1926) is Acharya Shivpujan Sahay's novel of village life.

1. Khatri – Chandrakanta; Goswami – Tara, Lavanglata; Shrinivas Das – Pariksha Guru.

Short trick: Dehati Duniya = Shivpujan Sahay.

Concept: The line belongs to Jainendra Kumar's 'Tyagpatra' (1937), the story of Mrinal cast out by her in-laws.

1. Mrinal, abandoned by her husband, finds no place even in her maike – the quote sums up her fate.
2. Jainendra's novels examine a woman's position between home and society.

Short trick: Tyagpatra – Mrinal – sasural/maike.

Concept: Bharata's Natyashastra lists eight rasas: shringar, hasya, karuna, raudra, veer, bhayanak, vibhatsa, adbhut.

1. Shant as ninth came later (Udbhata/Abhinavagupta); vatsalya and bhakti still later.

Short trick: Bharata 8 → +shant 9 → +vatsalya, bhakti 11.

Concept: T.S. Eliot is regarded as the father of New Criticism ('Tradition and the Individual Talent', impersonality, objective correlative).

1. The term 'New Criticism' comes from J.C. Ransom's book (1941).
2. Richards gave practical criticism; Croce – expressionism; Wordsworth – romantic poetics.

Short trick: Eliot = janak; Ransom = naming.