RRB NTPC Graduate CBT 2 2024 PYQs

Concept: NCCF is a central cooperative under the Department of Consumer Affairs that sells essential items at subsidised rates.

1. NCCF = National Cooperative Consumers' Federation of India Ltd (est. 1965).
2. It sells Bharat Dal, Bharat Atta, onions and tomatoes for price stabilisation.
3. In September 2025 it sold onions from mobile vans in Mumbai at subsidised rates to check retail prices.

Yaad rakhein: NCCF – Cooperative + Consumers + Federation; sibling agency NAFED handles farmers' produce.

Answer: (B) National Cooperative Consumers' Federation of India

Concept: In July 2025 the Indian Army announced 'Rudra' all-arms brigades as part of its restructuring.

1. A Rudra brigade combines infantry, mechanised infantry, armour, artillery, special forces and drones under one command.
2. It was announced by Army Chief Gen. Upendra Dwivedi on Kargil Vijay Diwas, 26 July 2025.
3. Also announced: 'Bhairav' light commando battalions and 'Shaktibaan' drone/artillery units.

Yaad rakhein: Rudra → integrated all-arms brigade; Bhairav → light commandos.

Answer: (B) Rudra All-Arms Brigades

Concept: Meristems are classified by position: apical (tips), lateral (girth) and intercalary (base of internodes/leaves).

1. Intercalary meristem lies at the base of leaves or internodes (near nodes).
2. It lets grasses regrow after grazing or mowing.
3. Apical increases length at tips; lateral (cambium) increases girth; 'permanent' tissue is not meristematic at all.

Yaad rakhein: Grass regrowth after cutting → intercalary.

Answer: (B) Intercalary

Concept: Ctrl combined with Backspace/Delete removes a whole word instead of one character.

1. Ctrl + Backspace deletes the word to the left of the cursor.
2. Ctrl + Delete deletes the word to the right of the cursor.
3. Alt + Backspace is Undo in many Windows apps; Shift + Backspace acts like plain Backspace.

Yaad rakhein: Backspace = left, Delete = right; add Ctrl for a whole word.

Answer: (A) Ctrl + Backspace

Concept: Chlorination of methane is a free-radical substitution reaction that needs light (UV/sunlight) to start.

1. Initiation: sunlight splits ${\text{Cl}}_2\to 2{\text{Cl}}^{•}$ (chlorine free radicals).
2. Propagation: ${\text{CH}}_4+{\text{Cl}}^{•}\to {\text{CH}}_3^{•}+\text{HCl}$, then ${\text{CH}}_3^{•}+{\text{Cl}}_2\to {\text{CH}}_3\text{Cl}+{\text{Cl}}^{•}$
3. In the dark the reaction does not occur – so light's role is to initiate free radicals.

Yaad rakhein: Substitution of alkanes = 'light → radicals → chain reaction'.

Answer: (A) initiate free radical formation

Concept: Office apps share common file shortcuts: Ctrl+O (Open), Ctrl+S (Save), Ctrl+N (New), Ctrl+P (Print).

1. Ctrl + O opens the Open dialog/backstage to choose a file in PowerPoint 2019.
2. Ctrl + Shift + O is not the standard Open command.
3. Alt + O / Shift + O do not open files.

Yaad rakhein: O = Open, N = New, S = Save, W = Close window.

Answer: (A) Ctrl + O

Concept: North Central Railway (NCR) was formed in 2003 with headquarters at Prayagraj (Allahabad).

1. NCR HQ: Prayagraj; divisions – Prayagraj, Jhansi, Agra.
2. Jabalpur = West Central Railway; Jaipur = North Western Railway; Bilaspur = South East Central Railway.

Yaad rakhein: North Central → Prayagraj; West Central → Jabalpur.

Answer: (B) Prayagraj

Concept: Rajendra Chola I (1014–1044 CE) led a northern expedition up to the Ganga.

1. After defeating the Pala king Mahipala, he took the title Gangaikonda Chola ('the Chola who conquered the Ganga').
2. He built a new capital, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, with the Brihadisvara temple.
3. Rajaraja I built the Thanjavur Brihadeeswara temple; Vijayalaya founded the imperial Chola line.

Yaad rakhein: Ganga + Konda → Rajendra I; also conquered Sri Lanka fully and sent a naval expedition to Srivijaya.

Answer: (B) Rajendra I

Concept: The Rowlatt Act (March 1919) allowed detention without trial and was called the "Black Act" by Indians.

1. It empowered the government to imprison suspects for up to two years without trial.
2. Gandhi called it the Black Act and launched the all-India Rowlatt Satyagraha (hartal on 6 April 1919).
3. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre (13 April 1919) happened during the protests against it.

Yaad rakhein: Rowlatt Act = "No Vakil, No Daleel, No Appeal".

Answer: (B) Rowlatt Act

Concept: In tall plants, water rises mainly by the transpiration pull (cohesion–tension theory).

1. Evaporation of water from leaf stomata creates a suction (tension) in the xylem.
2. Cohesion between water molecules and adhesion to xylem walls pull a continuous water column upward.
3. Root pressure works only at night/in small plants; guttation is just loss of water drops – neither can lift water to a tall tree top.

Yaad rakhein: Day-time, tall tree = transpiration pull; night-time, small herbs = root pressure.

Answer: (A) transpiration

Concept: Montane (mountain) forests change with altitude; in the wet temperate belt (1,000–2,000 m) evergreen broad-leaf trees like oaks and chestnuts dominate.

1. Ebony and mahogany are trees of tropical evergreen forests.
2. Royal Bengal Tiger is famous in the Sundarbans (mangrove forests).
3. Teak dominates tropical deciduous (monsoon) forests.

Yaad rakhein: Mountain forest belts: oak–chestnut → pine–deodar → silver fir–spruce → alpine grasses as height increases.

Answer: (C) Evergreen broad-leaf trees, such as oaks and chestnuts predominate here.

Concept: Alfred Wegener (1912) said all continents were one super-continent, Pangaea, surrounded by a single mega-ocean, Panthalassa.

1. Panthalassa means "all sea".
2. Pangaea later split into Laurasia (north) and Gondwanaland (south).
3. Tethys was the narrow sea between Laurasia and Gondwanaland, not the ocean around Pangaea.

Yaad rakhein: Pangaea = all land, Panthalassa = all sea.

Answer: (D) Panthalassa

Concept: Bhutan is called "Druk Yul" – Land of the Thunder Dragon – and its king is the Druk Gyalpo, the "Dragon King".

1. Bhutan is a constitutional monarchy ruled by the Wangchuck dynasty since 1907.
2. Present king: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, the fifth Druk Gyalpo.
3. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are republics; China's dragon is a cultural symbol, not a monarchy.

Yaad rakhein: Druk = Thunder Dragon → Bhutan.

Answer: (A) Bhutan

Concept: Frequency is the number of complete oscillations (compressions or rarefactions) passing a point per second; unit hertz (Hz).

1. Wavelength = distance between two consecutive compressions (or rarefactions).
2. Amplitude = maximum disturbance; it decides loudness.
3. Count per unit time → frequency, which decides pitch.

Yaad rakhein: "How many per second" = frequency; "how far apart" = wavelength.

Answer: (B) Frequency

Concept: Articles 245–255 (Part XI) deal with Centre–State legislative relations.

1. They cover: (1) territorial extent of Central and state laws (Art. 245), (2) distribution of subjects – Union, State, Concurrent Lists (Art. 246, Seventh Schedule).
2. (3) Parliamentary legislation in the state field – Art. 249, 250, 252, 253 and President's rule.
3. (4) Centre's control over state legislation – Governor reserving bills for the President (Art. 200, 201), prior sanction, etc.

Yaad rakhein: Laxmikanth lists exactly these four heads (plus one more) under legislative relations – all four are correct.

Answer: (C) All 1, 2, 3 and 4

Concept: Part IX of the Constitution (Articles 243–243O) deals with Panchayats; Article 243C covers their composition.

1. 243A – Gram Sabha; 243B – constitution of three-tier Panchayats.
2. 243C – composition (direct election of members, chairperson) of Panchayats.
3. 243D – reservation of seats; 243E – five-year duration.

Yaad rakhein: A – Gram Sabha, B – Constitution, C – Composition, D – Reservation.

Answer: (B) Article 243C

Concept: Snell's law: for a given pair of media, $\frac{\sin i}{\sin r}=\text{constant}=n_{21}$ (refractive index of medium 2 w.r.t. medium 1).

1. The ratio, not the product, sum or difference, stays constant.
2. This constant is the relative refractive index, e.g. about 1.5 for glass w.r.t. air.
3. The incident ray, refracted ray and normal also lie in one plane (first law).

Yaad rakhein: $n_1\sin i=n_2\sin r$.

Answer: (A) $\sin i÷\sin r=\text{constant}$

Concept: MIME headers tell the receiving client what type of content the message carries; plain text email uses the type text/plain.

1. Header: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 – UTF-8 supports all languages.
2. text/html is for HTML-formatted mail; multipart/mixed is for mail with attachments.
3. application/octet-stream is for arbitrary binary files.

Yaad rakhein: Plain text → text/plain; formatted → text/html; attachments → multipart.

Answer: (B) text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Concept: Lord Dalhousie (Governor-General 1848–56) used the Doctrine of Lapse: a state whose ruler died without a natural male heir was annexed.

1. States annexed: Satara (1848), Jaitpur, Sambalpur (1849), Udaipur, Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854).
2. Awadh (1856) was annexed on the ground of misgovernance, not lapse.
3. Wellesley is linked with Subsidiary Alliance; Cornwallis with Permanent Settlement.

Yaad rakhein: Dalhousie – Doctrine of Lapse; Wellesley – Subsidiary Alliance.

Answer: (A) Lord Dalhousie

Concept: Citizenship is dealt with in Part II, Articles 5 to 11 of the Constitution.

1. Statement I is wrong: citizenship is in the Union List (entry 17), not the State List.
2. Statement II is correct: Articles 5–11 describe who became citizens at the commencement and give Parliament power to regulate citizenship.
3. Statement III is wrong: the Citizenship Act, 1955 gives five ways – birth, descent, registration, naturalisation and incorporation of territory.

Yaad rakhein: Citizenship: Part II, Art. 5–11, Union List, 5 ways to acquire, 3 ways to lose.

Answer: (B) Only II